Evaluation of T cell immune memory response after BBIBP-CorV, gam-COVID-Vac, and heterologous gam-COVID-Vac /mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination schemes against different SARS-CoV-2 variants

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127526

Matías J. Pereson , María Noel Badano , Florencia Sabbione , Irene Keitelman , Natalia Aloisi , Susana Fink , Lucas Amaya , Gabriel H. Garcia , Alfredo P. Martínez , Federico A. Di Lello , Patricia Baré

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

The adaptive immune response plays a crucial role in resolution of viral infections; however, there is limited data on the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines such as BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac, and especially for the heterologous combination Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273 scheme. Furthermore, emerging variants may compromise the adaptive immune response established in the population.

Objective

To evaluate the T cell immune response induced by the BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac and Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273, against the ancestral wild type (WT) virus and the Gamma and Omicron variants.

Methods

Serum levels of IgG antibodies were assessed by CMIA (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, Illinois). T cell responses against WT virus, Gamma and Omicron were evaluated through an activation-induced marker assay. Sixty individuals, evenly distributed across the BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac, and Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273 groups, were included.

Results

The median age of participants was 48 years (IQR: 34–56), with 58.3 % (n = 35) being female. Seventeen (28.3 %) individuals had a prior confirmed COVID-19 infection. Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273 scheme elicited significantly higher humoral responses (p < 0.001). However, the three vaccination platforms showed consistent T cell responses across the three stimuli tested. Particularly, all three schemes induced stronger CD8⁺ responses against the WT virus. In addition, more responders to WT were observed in the BBIBP-CorV and Gam-COVID-Vac groups, while the Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273 group showed a greater proportion of responders to Omicron.

Conclusion

This study provides new data on effective humoral and cellular immune responses against the ancestral WT virus as well as the Gamma and Omicron variants. Moreover, memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses remain protective, and the heterologous scheme may elicit stronger T cell responses against emerging variants.

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BBIBP-CorV、gam-COVID-Vac和异源gam-COVID-Vac /mRNA-1273 COVID-19疫苗接种不同SARS-CoV-2变体后T细胞免疫记忆反应的评价

适应性免疫反应在病毒感染的解决中起着至关重要的作用；然而，关于T细胞对SARS-CoV-2疫苗（如BBIBP-CorV、Gam-COVID-Vac，特别是Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273方案的异源组合）的反应的数据有限。此外，新出现的变异可能损害在人群中建立的适应性免疫反应。目的评价BBIBP-CorV、Gam-COVID-Vac和Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273对野生型（WT）病毒及其γ和Omicron变体诱导的T细胞免疫应答。方法采用CMIA （Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, Illinois）检测血清IgG抗体水平。通过激活诱导标记试验评估T细胞对WT病毒、γ和Omicron的反应。60个个体均匀分布在BBIBP-CorV、Gam-COVID-Vac和Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273组中。结果参与者年龄中位数为48岁（IQR: 34-56），女性占58.3% （n = 35）。17人（28.3%）之前曾确诊感染COVID-19。Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273方案可显著提高体液应答(p <；0.001)。然而，三种疫苗接种平台在三种刺激测试中显示出一致的T细胞反应。特别是，这三种方案都诱导了更强的CD8+对WT病毒的反应。此外，BBIBP-CorV和Gam-COVID-Vac组对WT的应答率更高，而Gam-COVID-Vac/mRNA-1273组对Omicron的应答率更高。结论本研究提供了针对WT祖先病毒以及γ和Omicron变体有效的体液和细胞免疫应答的新数据。此外，记忆性CD4+和CD8+ T细胞反应仍然具有保护作用，而异源方案可能引发更强的T细胞反应来对抗新出现的变体。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vaccine 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

5.50%

发文量

992

审稿时长

131 days

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