Polypharmacy and deprescribing among geriatric patients

Abstract

Background

Polypharmacy is increasingly common among middle-aged and geriatric patients, raising concerns about overprescribing, adverse outcomes, and healthcare costs. While appropriate polypharmacy can improve clinical outcomes when tailored to individual needs, inappropriate use heightens risks such as adverse drug reactions, falls, frailty, non-adherence, and increased mortality.

Methods

This review synthesises current literature examining the impact of polypharmacy in older adults. It highlights evidence-based strategies aimed at promoting appropriate prescribing practices and mitigating the risks associated with multiple medication use.

Results

Evidence indicates that polypharmacy in the aging population contributes to treatment non-adherence, higher incidence of adverse events, and increased healthcare expenditures. The risk of harm escalates with the number of prescribed medications and underlying comorbidities. Interventions such as medication reviews, clinician education, patient counselling, deprescribing protocols, and adherence support have shown promise in reducing medication-related harm.

Conclusion

Addressing polypharmacy requires a multifaceted approach, including raising clinician awareness, promoting rational prescribing, and implementing patient-centred interventions. Emphasising appropriate polypharmacy and deprescribing can significantly reduce adverse outcomes and improve overall quality of care in geriatric populations.