Distributed robust optimal scheduling of an integrated energy system considering green hydrogen–turquoise hydrogen coordination and the low carbon willingness of users

Abstract

At present, the electricity required for producing green hydrogen remains substantial. To meet the demand of the hydrogen load, the integrated energy system (IES) must increase the output of a gas turbine at the peak of the electrical load, which will lead to higher carbon emissions. To address this problem, a distributed robust optimal scheduling model of the electric-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system (EHH-IES) that considers the coordination of green hydrogen and turquoise hydrogen is proposed. First, turquoise hydrogen production technology is introduced into the EHH-IES, and the coordinated operation framework of the EHH-IES with green hydrogen and turquoise hydrogen is constructed. Next, considering that the willingness of users to purchase zero-carbon energy is affected by the price of zero-carbon energy, the relationship between the additional cost of zero-carbon energy and the proportion of users willing to purchase zero-carbon energy is analysed. Then, in view of the uncertainty of wind power, the Wasserstein distance is used to construct the uncertainty set of the wind power output, and the distributed robust optimization scheduling model of the EHH-IES is established. Finally, example analysis and comparison reveal that the coordinated optimization of green hydrogen and turquoise hydrogen can effectively reduce the carbon emissions of the EHH-IES, and that considering the low-carbon willingness of users can reduce EHH-IES operating costs.