Comparison of Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Type 1 and Type 2 Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization After Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to compare baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes of type 1 and type 2 myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) after one year of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) therapy and identify clinical factors associated with visual outcomes, recurrence rates, and injection numbers.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 171 patients with active mCNV treated with anti-VEGF therapy and followed for at least one year. CNV types were classified using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Baseline characteristics, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), myopic maculopathy grade, and OCT findings, were compared.

Results: Type 1 CNVs (19.3% of cases) exhibited worse baseline BCVA and more advanced macular degeneration than type 2 CNVs. Both types showed significant visual improvement equivalent to 2.2 lines post-therapy, with no difference in recurrence rates or injection numbers. Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline BCVA, severity of myopic macular degeneration, and presence of subretinal hyperreflective exudation were significant predictors of final BCVA, while CNV type was not an independent predictor.

Conclusion: Despite more severe macular degeneration in type 1 CNV, both types myopic CNVs benefit significantly from anti-VEGF therapy. These findings support extending treatment to type 1 CNVs and highlight the need for individualized management strategies.