Assessment of malnutrition risk and analysis of influencing factors in patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional survey.

IF 2.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

BMC Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI:10.1186/s40795-025-01128-9

Weiwei Yu, Xin Zhang, Min Ni, Ting Chen

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Abstract

Objective: To assess the status of malnutrition risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using objective nutritional indices and to analyze the influencing factors.

Methods: 1277 patients with CKD admitted to the Department of Nephrology at a Class A hospital in Nanjing from 2020 to 2022, were selected for this study. The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) were used to evaluate the risk of malnutrition. Logistic regression analysis identified associated risk factors.

Results: Among the 1277 CKD patients, malnutrition risk was identified in 89.1% by PNI and 87.7% by CONUT, with moderate consistency between the two methods (0.368). Patients at moderate to high malnutrition risk experienced longer hospital stays. Across both assessment tools, higher CKD stage (≥ 4), older age, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and lower body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb), and lipid levels were associated with greater risk. Logistic regression analysis identified CKD stage, age, Hb, and BUN as risk factors in the PNI model, while age, BMI, and BUN were significant in the CONUT assessment.

Conclusion: CKD Patients face a high risk of malnutrition, emphasizing the need for regular screening and assessment. Understanding and addressing the identified risk factors through targeted interventions is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

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慢性肾病患者营养不良风险评估及影响因素分析：一项横断面调查

目的：应用客观营养指标评价慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者营养不良危险状况，并分析其影响因素。方法：选取南京市某甲等医院肾内科2020 - 2022年收治的1277例CKD患者作为研究对象。采用预后营养指数（PNI）和控制营养状况（CONUT）来评估营养不良的风险。Logistic回归分析确定了相关的危险因素。结果：1277例CKD患者中，PNI法识别营养不良风险的比例为89.1%，CONUT法识别营养不良风险的比例为87.7%，两者一致性中等（0.368）。中度至高度营养不良风险的患者住院时间较长。在两种评估工具中，较高的CKD分期（≥4）、年龄较大、血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐升高、较低的体重指数（BMI）、血红蛋白（Hb）和脂质水平与较高的风险相关。Logistic回归分析发现CKD分期、年龄、Hb和BUN是PNI模型中的危险因素，而年龄、BMI和BUN在CONUT评估中具有重要意义。结论：CKD患者营养不良风险高，需要定期筛查和评估。通过有针对性的干预措施了解和解决已确定的风险因素对于改善患者预后至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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