Epigenetic dysregulation in cancer: mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY

Medical Oncology Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI:10.1007/s12032-025-02905-z

Komal Imran, Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmed, Ammara Khalid, Hernán Cortés, Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández, Gabriela Figueroa-González, Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, Luca Falzone, Massimo Libra, Federica Longo, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Daniela Calina

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Abstract

The disruption of the epigenetic patterns and its impact on gene expression is recognized as a critical factor in the initiation and progression of cancer. Altered patterns of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression are distinctive features of tumorigenesis. These dynamic shifts in the epigenetic landscape during oncogenic transformation are intricately linked to tumor heterogeneity, the sustained capacity for self-renewal, and the ability to undergo multi-lineage differentiation. The abnormal reprogramming of cancer stem cells presents a formidable challenge in cancer treatment and drug resistance. However, the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications holds significant potential for developing novel cancer treatments through the targeted inhibition of epigenetic modifiers. Utilizing this approach as a standalone therapy or combined with other anticancer treatments has yielded promising outcomes. In this review, we emphasize the central role of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer pathogenesis, epigenetic changes in the cancer genome, and the latest advancements in cancer therapy, particularly the potential of epigenetic factors as biomarkers for early detection and their application in current cancer treatment modalities.

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癌症的表观遗传失调：机制、诊断生物标志物和治疗策略。

表观遗传模式的破坏及其对基因表达的影响被认为是癌症发生和发展的关键因素。DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA表达模式的改变是肿瘤发生的显著特征。在致癌转化过程中，表观遗传格局的这些动态变化与肿瘤的异质性、自我更新的持续能力以及多谱系分化的能力有着复杂的联系。肿瘤干细胞异常重编程对肿瘤治疗和耐药提出了严峻的挑战。然而，表观遗传修饰的可逆性具有通过靶向抑制表观遗传修饰剂开发新型癌症治疗的巨大潜力。利用这种方法作为单独治疗或与其他抗癌治疗相结合已经产生了很好的结果。在这篇综述中，我们强调了表观遗传失调在癌症发病机制中的核心作用，癌症基因组的表观遗传变化，以及癌症治疗的最新进展，特别是表观遗传因子作为早期检测生物标志物的潜力及其在当前癌症治疗方式中的应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Medical Oncology 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

2.90%

发文量

259

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Medical Oncology (MO) communicates the results of clinical and experimental research in oncology and hematology, particularly experimental therapeutics within the fields of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. It also provides state-of-the-art reviews on clinical and experimental therapies. Topics covered include immunobiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of malignant tumors.