Cytocompatible Electrolyte-Assisted Pseudocapacitive Electrode Based on Tin Monosulfide Nanoparticles

Abstract

The growing demand for bio-integrated energy storage systems has sparked significant interest in the development of biocompatible and cost-competitive electrode materials for use in green electrolytes. To address the issue, we develop an electrode material based on tin monosulfide nanoparticles synthesized using a wet chemical method, which operates effectively in cyto-friendly phosphate buffered saline solution. The synthesized nanoparticles were crystallized in the orthorhombic phase, with an average crystallite size of 18 nm. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the presence of interconnected nanoparticles with roughly spherical shape. Electrical measurements confirm the dielectric properties of SnS nanoparticles as a function of frequency at different temperatures. The electrochemical analysis of the electrode fabricated from the SnS nanoparticles displays the electrochemical signature of pseudocapacitor. The fabricated pseudocapacitive electrode, with an areal specific capacitance of 44.7 mF cm⁻² at a current density of 0.3 mA cm⁻², delivers an areal energy density of 1.55 µW h cm⁻² and an areal power density of 75 µW cm⁻². All these findings demonstrate the significant potential of tin sulfide nanoparticles as an electrode material capable of operating under physiological conditions, making it suitable for use in implantable energy storage devices.