Impact of ergonomic interventions on musculoskeletal health and work performance in dentists and dental students: a scoping review

Abstract

Dentists face various occupational demands that heighten their risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), including prolonged static postures, repetitive movements, unsuitable dental instruments, extended work hours, and insufficient rest breaks. This scoping review (ScR) aims to systematically map the effects of ergonomics interventions on musculoskeletal and performance variables in dentistry. Following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), searches were conducted in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science databases, covering studies published between 2012 and 2023. Out of 4362 articles initially retrieved, 51 met the eligibility criteria. These articles were analyzed qualitatively to assess the impact of physical, non-physical, and mixed ergonomic interventions. The most frequently studied intervention was the use of dental loupes, followed by physical exercise programs. Musculoskeletal variables included pain reduction, posture, muscle function, physical stress, and surface body temperature, while performance outcomes involved work efficiency, procedure duration, tool positioning, ease and quality of dental procedures, and concentration levels. Musculoskeletal variables were assessed in all 51 studies, with 10 also evaluating performance outcomes. Positive effects of ergonomic interventions were reported in 38 studies, while 13 showed inconclusive results. No negative effects were observed. Overall, ergonomic interventions offer potential benefits for improving both musculoskeletal health and work performance in dentists and dental students.