Efficient C–H selenation of heterocycles using MWCNTs/MNPs-Triazine/TMA-CuI nanocomposite as sustainable catalyst

Abstract

In this study, we present the development of an eco-friendly magnetic nanocatalyst, MWCNTs/MNPs-Triazine/TMA-CuI, to efficiently synthesize heteroaryl selenide derivatives. The catalyst, synthesized by anchoring CuI onto MWCNTs functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles and modified with a triazine-based ligand, enhances dispersion, surface area, and catalytic activity. The catalyst enables a one-pot, three-component reaction involving aryl iodides, potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN), and heterocyclic compounds under mild conditions using glycerol as a green solvent, underscoring the sustainability of the methodology. Characterization techniques confirmed the nanocatalyst's spherical morphology, thermal stability, magnetic recyclability, and copper content. Under optimized conditions, 26 heteroaryl selenide derivatives were synthesized with high yields within 3 h. The catalyst exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining high activity across multiple cycles with minimal efficiency loss. This methodology presents a sustainable alternative by integrating green chemistry principles with efficient metal catalysis and simplified product recovery, providing reassurance about its environmental impact.