Geophysical monitoring technology and simulation in CO2 geological storage: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a promising method for carbon emission reduction, but safe and efficient storage remains challenging. Geophysical methods can monitor CO₂ storage, yet face issues like technical obstacles, data complexity, environmental impact and cost. This review summarizes CCUS projects, geophysical principles, forward and inverse methods. It is proposed to construct an integrated carbon storage monitoring network based on seismic, electromagnetic, and gravimetric monitoring. Additionally, by establishing an optical fiber data transmission platform and leveraging artificial intelligence, data collection efficiency and algorithm accuracy can be improved, thereby optimizing the overall monitoring system.