Optical kicking of liquid droplets for sample delivery in ultrafast soft X-ray experiments.

IF 3 3区 物理与天体物理
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-21 DOI:10.1107/S1600577525005430
Zeinab Ebrahimpour, Dan Cojoc, Emiliano Principi, Riccardo Mincigrucci
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We present a technique based on the optical force of a femtosecond laser acting on liquid micro-droplets for their precise manipulation in a vacuum, enabling an efficient sample delivery system for soft X-ray experiments. Conventional liquid jet methods, which are utilized in soft X-ray experiments, consume large sample volumes and offer limited control over droplet trajectories, leading to significant sample waste. Our approach uses optical forces from a femtosecond-pulsed focused laser to deflect free-falling droplets, guiding them with high precision toward the interaction region. This significantly reduces sample waste while enabling real-time control over droplet positioning. To understand the behavior of droplets in vacuum and their interaction with the focused laser beam, we employ theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Hertz-Knudsen equations describe the thermodynamics of free-falling and deflected droplets, allowing estimation of their temperature and size as a function of time and position. The optical force acting on the droplets is determined using the transfer matrix method and Lorenz-Mie theory. The proposed technique provides fine tuning over delivery time and thermodynamic properties of the liquid sample, offering a promising platform for investigating supercooled liquid micro-droplets and phase transitions. It is a particularly well suited liquid sample delivery method for ultrafast X-ray experiments using tabletop sources, as well as current and future free-electron laser and high harmonic generation facilities.

超快软x射线实验中液滴光踢送样品。
我们提出了一种基于飞秒激光作用于液体微滴的光力的技术,用于在真空中对其进行精确操作,从而实现了软x射线实验的高效样品输送系统。软x射线实验中使用的传统液体喷射方法消耗大量样品,并且对液滴轨迹的控制有限,导致大量样品浪费。我们的方法是利用飞秒脉冲聚焦激光的光力来偏转自由下落的液滴,以高精度将它们引导到相互作用区域。这大大减少了样品浪费,同时实现了对液滴定位的实时控制。为了了解液滴在真空中的行为及其与聚焦激光束的相互作用,我们采用了理论分析和数值模拟的方法。赫兹-克努森方程描述了自由落体和偏转液滴的热力学,可以估计它们的温度和大小作为时间和位置的函数。利用传递矩阵法和洛伦兹-米氏理论确定了作用在液滴上的光力。该技术可以对液体样品的传递时间和热力学性质进行微调,为研究过冷液体微滴和相变提供了一个有前途的平台。它是一种特别适合的液体样品输送方法,用于使用桌面源的超快x射线实验,以及当前和未来的自由电子激光和高谐波产生设施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATIONOPTICS&-OPTICS
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
12.00%
发文量
289
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Synchrotron radiation research is rapidly expanding with many new sources of radiation being created globally. Synchrotron radiation plays a leading role in pure science and in emerging technologies. The Journal of Synchrotron Radiation provides comprehensive coverage of the entire field of synchrotron radiation and free-electron laser research including instrumentation, theory, computing and scientific applications in areas such as biology, nanoscience and materials science. Rapid publication ensures an up-to-date information resource for scientists and engineers in the field.
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