The safety and effect of preoperative reduced fasting time by oral clear liquid administration in adult surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

Purpose: Traditionally, 6-8 hours of fasting has been recommended before surgery to prevent respiratory complications. However, recent evidence suggests that intake of clear fluids up to 2 hours before general anesthesia may be safe. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of reduced fasting time with clear liquid intake in surgical patients under general anesthesia.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 60 adult patients undergoing elective endoscopic total extraperitoneal plasty under general anesthesia were divided into two groups (n = 30 each). The control group fasted overnight (nothing per oral), while the liquid group was allowed clear fluids until 2 hours before surgery. Gastric content volume and pH were measured after intubation. Thirst and hunger levels were assessed pre- and postoperatively using a visual analogue scale. Postoperative hoarseness, nausea, vomiting, and oxygen saturation were monitored in the recovery room.

Results: The liquid group consumed an average of 520 mL of fluid. No serious respiratory complications were observed in either group. Pre- and postoperative thirst and hunger scores were significantly lower in the liquid group (P < 0.001). Gastric content volume and acidity showed no significant differences between groups, with most patients having negligible volumes (<1 mL).

Conclusion: Permitting clear liquid intake up to 2 hours before general anesthesia is safe and does not increase the risk of respiratory complications. It effectively reduces thirst and hunger, improving patient comfort without compromising safety.