Formation of giant Siberian gas emission craters (GECs)

IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Helge Hellevang , Mats R. Ippach , Sebastian Westermann , Mohammad Nooraiepour
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The recent discovery of eight gas escape craters (GECs) in Western Siberia has challenged researchers for the past decade. The GECs have only been observed in this limited region. Several models have been proposed with the commonality that they formed from permafrost-internal processes triggered by external forcing. Numerical modeling, however, suggests that the estimated volume of ejecta may not be in agreement with gas-filled cavities of limited size. Furthermore, a rigorous analysis of attainable pressures by permafrost-internal processes has not been done. This study critically reviews the existing models and concludes that focused deep heat and gas from below the permafrost may be the key factor allowing the formation of GECs, while atmospheric heating indirectly triggers their formation by accelerating cryogenic process rates and the formation of new lakes and rivers. GECs appear to be associated with faulting in the area and form where sub-lake or sub-river talik structures meet local thinning of the permafrost.

Abstract Image

西伯利亚巨型气体排放陨石坑的形成
最近在西伯利亚西部发现的8个气体逃逸陨石坑(gec)在过去的十年里给研究人员带来了挑战。gec只在这个有限的区域被观测到。已经提出了几种模式,其共同点是它们是由外部强迫触发的永久冻土内部过程形成的。然而,数值模拟表明,估计的喷出物体积可能与有限大小的充气腔不一致。此外,还没有对永久冻土内部过程所能达到的压力进行严格的分析。这项研究对现有的模型进行了批判性的回顾,并得出结论认为,集中的深层热量和来自永久冻土层以下的气体可能是全球变暖形成的关键因素,而大气加热通过加速低温过程速率和新湖泊和河流的形成间接触发了它们的形成。gec似乎与该地区的断裂有关,并形成于亚湖或亚河构造遇到局部永久冻土变薄的地方。
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来源期刊
Science of the Total Environment
Science of the Total Environment 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
17.60
自引率
10.20%
发文量
8726
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: The Science of the Total Environment is an international journal dedicated to scientific research on the environment and its interaction with humanity. It covers a wide range of disciplines and seeks to publish innovative, hypothesis-driven, and impactful research that explores the entire environment, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. The journal's updated Aims & Scope emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary environmental research with broad impact. Priority is given to studies that advance fundamental understanding and explore the interconnectedness of multiple environmental spheres. Field studies are preferred, while laboratory experiments must demonstrate significant methodological advancements or mechanistic insights with direct relevance to the environment.
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