Disease characteristics and outcomes of lupus nephritis in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review.

IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 RHEUMATOLOGY
Lupus Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI:10.1177/09612033251360628
Roaa Aljohani, Fahidah Alenzi, Aos Aboabat, Fehaid Alanazi, Haya M Almalag, Fadel A Alrowaie, Mohammed A Omair
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ObjectiveLupus nephritis (LN) is a serious manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Existing data on LN in Saudi Arabia are primarily retrospective and derived from single centers. Therefore, this systematic review presents a unique and comprehensive analysis of the disease characteristics and outcomes of LN in Saudi Arabia.MethodA systematic search of MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases was conducted up to April 2024. Eligible articles reporting on LN in Saudi Arabia were included, and disease characteristics and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsA total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of LN among SLE patients in Saudi Arabia ranged from 19% to 55%, with biopsy-proven LN reported in 11% to 42.7% of cases. Females accounted for 66% to 94.9% of patients, with a mean age at diagnosis between 23.8 and 39.7 years. Hypertension was present in 45.8% to 62.9% of patients, with nephrotic-range proteinuria in 20.7% to 58.5% and mean serum creatinine levels between 60 and 112.68 µmol/L. Class IV LN was the most common histopathological finding, occurring in up to 72% of cases. Complete remission was achieved in up to 81.5% of patients within 12 months, though lower remission rates were observed in those with proliferative LN. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) rates ranged from 5.5% to 30.7%, with proliferative LN, older age, and hypertension being significant predictors of progression to ESRD. Five-year survival rates ranged from 92% to 96%, while 10-year survival reached 95%. Infection and renal failure were the leading causes of mortality.ConclusionLN is highly prevalent in lupus Saudi patients, with Class IV LN being the most common and associated with poor outcomes. Although survival has improved, many patients still progress to ESRD. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate outcomes in the current era of biological therapies.

沙特阿拉伯狼疮性肾炎的疾病特征和预后:一项系统综述。
目的:狼疮性肾炎(LN)是系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的严重表现。沙特阿拉伯LN的现有数据主要是回顾性的,来自单一中心。因此,本系统综述对沙特阿拉伯LN的疾病特征和预后进行了独特而全面的分析。方法系统检索截至2024年4月的MEDLINE、ScienceDirect、Embase、Cochrane和PubMed数据库。纳入了报道沙特阿拉伯LN的符合条件的文章,并分析了疾病特征和结果。结果36项研究符合纳入标准。在沙特阿拉伯,SLE患者中LN的患病率从19%到55%不等,活检证实LN的病例占11%到42.7%。女性占66% ~ 94.9%,平均诊断年龄23.8 ~ 39.7岁。45.8%至62.9%的患者存在高血压,20.7%至58.5%的患者存在肾范围蛋白尿,平均血清肌酐水平在60至112.68µmol/L之间。IV级LN是最常见的组织病理学发现,发生率高达72%。高达81.5%的患者在12个月内达到完全缓解,尽管在增生性LN患者中观察到较低的缓解率。终末期肾病(ESRD)发病率从5.5%到30.7%不等,增生性LN、年龄和高血压是进展为ESRD的重要预测因素。5年生存率为92% ~ 96%,10年生存率为95%。感染和肾衰竭是死亡的主要原因。结论:LN在沙特狼疮患者中非常普遍,其中IV级LN最为常见,且预后较差。尽管生存率有所提高,但许多患者仍进展为终末期肾病。在当前的生物治疗时代,需要前瞻性试验来评估结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Lupus
Lupus 医学-风湿病学
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
11.50%
发文量
225
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The only fully peer reviewed international journal devoted exclusively to lupus (and related disease) research. Lupus includes the most promising new clinical and laboratory-based studies from leading specialists in all lupus-related disciplines. Invaluable reading, with extended coverage, lupus-related disciplines include: Rheumatology, Dermatology, Immunology, Obstetrics, Psychiatry and Cardiovascular Research…
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