Pre-pregnancy vaccination with inactivated vaccines protects SARS-CoV-2-exposed neonates from respiratory distress.

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107978

Yiwei Zhang, Jianbin Guo, Yaqian Li, Yingna Song, Guoyun Wang, Lan Zhu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Emerging evidence from prior studies suggests that prenatal exposure to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may trigger an inflammatory cascade within the neonatal airway. However, the potential impact of maternal inactivated COVID-19 vaccination prior to pregnancy on neonatal respiratory outcomes remains poorly understood.

Methods: This prospective cohort study analyzed 329 neonates exposed to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in utero from 322 pregnant women to evaluate neonatal outcomes based on maternal vaccination status. The primary outcome was neonatal respiratory distress (RD), with secondary outcomes including infant respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and growth parameters.

Results: The overall incidence of RD among 329 neonates was 6·1% (20/329). Neonates born to unvaccinated mothers exhibited a significantly higher risk of RD 14% compared to those born to vaccinated mothers 4% (OR = 3·48, 95% CI: 1·31-9·30). However, Longitudinal analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between groups in either SARS-CoV-2 infection rates (HR=1.89, 95%CI:0.80-4.45) or RTIs incidence (HR=1.18, 95%CI:0.72-1.93) throughout the first year of life.

Conclusions: Maternal COVID-19 vaccination prior to pregnancy provides protective benefits against neonatal RD following in utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, such vaccination does not prevent postnatal SARS-CoV-2 infection or confer cross-protection against RTIs during infancy.໿.

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孕前接种灭活疫苗可保护暴露于sars - cov -2的新生儿免受呼吸窘迫。

背景：先前研究的新证据表明，产前暴露于2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）可能会引发新生儿气道内的炎症级联反应。然而，孕产妇妊娠前接种COVID-19灭活疫苗对新生儿呼吸结局的潜在影响仍知之甚少。方法：本前瞻性队列研究分析了322名孕妇子宫内暴露于母体SARS-CoV-2感染的329名新生儿，以评估基于母体疫苗接种状况的新生儿结局。主要结局是新生儿呼吸窘迫（RD），次要结局包括婴儿呼吸道感染（RTIs）和生长参数。结果：329例新生儿RD的总发病率为6.1%（20/329）。未接种疫苗的母亲所生的新生儿RD的风险为14%，而接种疫苗的母亲所生的新生儿RD的风险为4% （OR = 3.48,95% CI: 1.31 - 9.30）。然而，纵向分析显示，在生命的第一年，两组之间的SARS-CoV-2感染率（HR=1.89, 95%CI:0.80-4.45）或RTIs发病率（HR=1.18, 95%CI:0.72-1.93）均无统计学差异。结论：孕妇妊娠前接种COVID-19疫苗可预防宫内暴露于SARS-CoV-2后的新生儿RD。然而，这种疫苗接种并不能预防出生后的SARS-CoV-2感染，也不能在婴儿期提供对呼吸道感染的交叉保护。໿。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Infectious Diseases 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

18.90

自引率

2.40%

发文量

1020

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： International Journal of Infectious Diseases (IJID) Publisher: International Society for Infectious Diseases Publication Frequency: Monthly Type: Peer-reviewed, Open Access Scope: Publishes original clinical and laboratory-based research. Reports clinical trials, reviews, and some case reports. Focuses on epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and control of infectious diseases. Emphasizes diseases common in under-resourced countries.