{"title":"VCAM-1 in Cognitive Impairment: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Targeting.","authors":"Xilong Guan, Xiaoling Zhu, Linan Zha, Wen Yu, Xiuqin Rao, Yanhong Xiong, Yu Jin, Mojiao Zhang, Tao Luo, Xiangfei Huang, Xifeng Wang, Fuzhou Hua, Jing Xu","doi":"10.14336/AD.2025.0675","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairment (CI), a progressive decline in memory, reasoning, and executive functions, arises from neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies. Globally, 10% of adults aged ≥65 exhibit mild CI (MCI), with 15% progressing annually to dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes 60-70% of dementia cases, showing a higher incidence in women, while vascular dementia (VaD) accounts for 20%. By 2050, dementia cases may reach 152 million, straining healthcare systems. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a key immune-inflammatory mediator, is implicated in CI pathogenesis. Expressed abundantly on endothelial cells, VCAM-1 disrupts blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and exacerbates neuroinflammation. This review delineates VCAM-1's role in BBB dysregulation, neuroinflammatory interactions, and its potential as a biomarker/therapeutic target. Future research should clarify VCAM-1 signaling mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for early CI management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aging and Disease","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2025.0675","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI), a progressive decline in memory, reasoning, and executive functions, arises from neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies. Globally, 10% of adults aged ≥65 exhibit mild CI (MCI), with 15% progressing annually to dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes 60-70% of dementia cases, showing a higher incidence in women, while vascular dementia (VaD) accounts for 20%. By 2050, dementia cases may reach 152 million, straining healthcare systems. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a key immune-inflammatory mediator, is implicated in CI pathogenesis. Expressed abundantly on endothelial cells, VCAM-1 disrupts blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and exacerbates neuroinflammation. This review delineates VCAM-1's role in BBB dysregulation, neuroinflammatory interactions, and its potential as a biomarker/therapeutic target. Future research should clarify VCAM-1 signaling mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for early CI management.
期刊介绍：
Aging & Disease (A&D) is an open-access online journal dedicated to publishing groundbreaking research on the biology of aging, the pathophysiology of age-related diseases, and innovative therapies for conditions affecting the elderly. The scope encompasses various diseases such as Stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, Epilepsy, Dementia, Depression, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Arthritis, Cataract, Osteoporosis, Diabetes, and Hypertension. The journal welcomes studies involving animal models as well as human tissues or cells.
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