A highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probe for intelligent visual detection of Cu2+ in water/vegetables and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Dyes and Pigments Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113033

Yan-Jun Zhu, Pan Pan, Bin Zhang, Jia-Xing Lu, Jing Wang, Ao Shen, Xin-Mei Li, Ai-Ping Xing, Dai Zeng, Juan Yuan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A “turn-on” NIR fluorescent probe NRK-BD for Cu²⁺ based on the xanthene skeleton was successfully developed. NRK-BD was characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and ESI-HRMS. Spectral experiments were conducted in MeCN/H₂O (7:3, v/v, pH = 7.4) solution. The results revealed that NRK-BD possessed a large Stokes shift of 170 nm, a rapid response within 1.5 s and a low detection limit of 81 nM, which significantly enhanced the sensitivity and detection efficiency towards Cu²⁺. Within the concentration range of 0–20 μM, a favorable linear correlation was exhibited between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Cu²⁺. Moreover, NRK-BD demonstrated excellent stability in the pH range of 6.5–8.5, making it suitable for the detection of Cu²⁺ under physiological conditions. NRK-BD coordinated with Cu²⁺ in a 1:1 ratio, and the possible recognition mechanism was verified by Job's plot, ESI-HRMS and DFT calculations. Based on the color change of NRK-BD from colorless to purple, the naked-eye visual detection of Cu²⁺ in vegetables such as brassica chinensis, potatoes and carrots was successfully achieved. A smart detection platform was also developed, which was capable of rapidly and quantitatively detecting Cu²⁺ in actual water samples. It is noteworthy that NRK-BD was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of Cu²⁺ in 4T1 cells and living mice. In summary, NRK-BD manifested outstanding performance in the detection of Cu²⁺ and holds broad application prospects.

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一种高灵敏度近红外荧光探针，用于水/蔬菜中Cu2+的智能视觉检测和体内外生物成像

成功研制了一种基于杂蒽骨架的Cu2+“开启”近红外荧光探针NRK-BD。通过1H NMR、13C NMR和ESI-HRMS对NRK-BD进行了表征。在MeCN/H2O （7:3, v/v, pH = 7.4）溶液中进行光谱实验。结果表明，NRK-BD具有170 nm的大Stokes位移、1.5 s内的快速响应和81 nm的低检出限，显著提高了对Cu2+的灵敏度和检测效率。在0 ~ 20 μM的浓度范围内，荧光强度与Cu2+浓度呈良好的线性相关关系。此外，NRK-BD在pH 6.5-8.5范围内表现出优异的稳定性，适合生理条件下对Cu2+的检测。NRK-BD与Cu2+以1:1的比例协同作用，通过Job’s plot、ESI-HRMS和DFT计算验证了可能的识别机制。利用NRK-BD从无色到紫色的颜色变化，成功地实现了对芸苔、土豆、胡萝卜等蔬菜中Cu2+的肉眼检测。开发了能够快速定量检测实际水样中Cu2+的智能检测平台。值得注意的是，NRK-BD成功应用于4T1细胞和活体小鼠Cu2+的荧光成像。综上所述，NRK-BD在Cu2+的检测中表现出优异的性能，具有广阔的应用前景。

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来源期刊

Dyes and Pigments 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

13.30%

发文量

933

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied. Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media. The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.