Combined effect of methanolic extracts of Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae) and Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) collected in the far-north region (Cameroon) on adults of Anopheles gambiae senso stricto GILES 1902

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00450

Ngatarang Celestine , Nanga Woulsou Maurice , Saotoing Pierre , Ndjonka Dieudonné

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and objectives

Malaria remains a significant public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, primarily due to the presence of its primary vector, Anopheles gambiae. The increasing resistance to synthetic insecticides has necessitated the exploration of environmentally friendly alternatives, such as plant-derived bioactive compounds. This study investigated the adulticidal activity of methanolic extracts from the leaves of Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae) and Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) against A. gambiae, a primary malaria vector, in a laboratory experiment conducted from January to February 2020 at the Entomology Laboratory, University of Ngaoundéré, Adamaoua Region, Cameroon.

Methodology and results

The extraction yields were 17.8 % for S. occidentalis and 14.9 % for K. senegalensis. Phytochemical analysis revealed that S. occidentalis leaves contained 21.55 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g of polyphenols and 24.88 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g of flavonoids, whereas K. senegalensis leaves contained 18.34 mg GAE/100 g of polyphenols, 34.34 mg QE/100 g of flavonoids, and 27.56 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g of tannins. Bioassays conducted according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocols demonstrated synergistic insecticidal effects between the extracts against A. gambiae. The lethal concentration (LC₅₀) values were 0.87 g/L for S. occidentalis and 1.07 g/L for K. senegalensis, with half-lethal time (HL₅₀) values of 2 h 48 min and 2 h 14 min, respectively. The most effective combination (S. occidentalis [75 %] + K. senegalensis [25 %]) achieved an LC₅₀ of 0.98 g/L and HL₅₀ of 1 h 45 min.

Conclusion and application

These results highlight the potential of S. occidentalis and K. senegalensis extracts as sustainable biocides for controlling A. gambiae ss populations. Their synergistic efficacy and high phytochemical content support further development into eco-friendly vector control tools, aligning with global efforts to combat insecticide resistance.

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远北地区（喀麦隆）采集的西番泻草（Fabaceae）和塞内加尔香叶（Meliaceae）甲醇提取物对冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae senso stricto GILES 1902）的联合作用

背景和目的疟疾在撒哈拉以南非洲仍然是一个重大的公共卫生负担，主要是由于其主要媒介冈比亚按蚊的存在。对合成杀虫剂的抗性日益增加，因此有必要探索环境友好的替代品，例如植物衍生的生物活性化合物。本研究于2020年1月至2月在喀麦隆阿达马乌阿地区ngaound 大学昆虫学实验室进行了一项实验室实验，研究了西塞纳（Fabaceae）和塞内加尔卡亚（Meliaceae）叶片甲醇提取物对主要疟疾媒介冈比亚蚊（a . gambiae）的杀灭活性。方法与结果西花蓟马的提取率为17.8%，塞内加尔蓟马的提取率为14.9%。植物化学分析表明，西花荆芥叶片中没食子酸当量(GAE)/100 g多酚和槲皮素当量(QE)/100 g黄酮类化合物的含量分别为21.55 mg /100 g和24.88 mg /100 g； senegalensis叶片中没食子酸当量(GAE)/100 g多酚，槲皮素当量(QE)/100 g黄酮类化合物的含量分别为18.34 mg /100 g， 34.34 mg /100 g和27.56 mg儿茶素当量(CE)/100 g单宁。根据世界卫生组织（世卫组织）规程进行的生物测定表明，两种提取物对冈比亚单胞虫具有协同杀虫作用。致死浓度（LC50）分别为0.87 g/L和1.07 g/L，半致死时间（HL50）分别为2 h 48 min和2 h 14 min。最有效的组合（西花草[75%]+塞内加尔沙草[25%]）的LC50为0.98 g/L， HL50为1 h 45 min。结论与应用表明，西花沙草和塞内加尔沙草提取物可作为冈比亚蠓种群的可持续杀菌剂。它们的协同功效和高植物化学含量支持进一步发展成为生态友好的病媒控制工具，与全球对抗杀虫剂抗性的努力保持一致。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.