{"title":"Interactive effects of nitrite and bifenthrin on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and immune responses of Haliotis discus hannai","authors":"Hao Chen, Guiqing Wu, Chunli Jiao, Lizhu Chen, Chunxiao Sun, Xinze Zhang, Xiao Wei, Xueping Wu, Dinglong Yang, Jianmin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107512","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Nitrite (NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup>) and bifenthrin (BF), common environmental pollutant, have been proven to perform toxic effects on marine organisms. To have a better understanding of their effects on marine organism, <ce:italic>Haliotis discus hannai</ce:italic> was exposed to 0.1 mg/L NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and/or 10 μg/L BF for 28 days. The results showed that the gills in direct contact with the water environment exhibited the highest levels of BF bioaccumulation (89.37–142.36 μg/kg), especially after NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> exposure (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis of gills showed that significant enrichments were observed in metabolic, signaling and immune pathways after exposure, such as cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased in gills after exposure to NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and/or BF, parallel with the increase in catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity (AOC). Regarding genes related to immune, the expression of <ce:italic>Defensin</ce:italic> was significantly decreased while the expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (<ce:italic>Bcl-2</ce:italic>), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (<ce:italic>TNF-α</ce:italic>) and <ce:italic>Caspase3</ce:italic> were increased. These results suggested that NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and BF exposure disrupted metabolic processes, impaired immune function, and dysregulated antioxidant defenses in the gills of abalone. Particularly, significant alterations were observed under the combined stress of NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and BF. In hemocytes, the ROS production could be induced by NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and/or BF stress, and the number of hemocytes and phagocytosis decreased significantly, especially in NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and BF groups. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis proved that NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and/or BF exposure detrimentally affected the overall fitness of abalone, and combined NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and BF stress was the most stressful condition. This study emphasizes the impact of NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and/or BF on the abalone to better elucidate the risk of environmental pollution on abalone.","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aquatic Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107512","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Nitrite (NO2−) and bifenthrin (BF), common environmental pollutant, have been proven to perform toxic effects on marine organisms. To have a better understanding of their effects on marine organism, Haliotis discus hannai was exposed to 0.1 mg/L NO2− and/or 10 μg/L BF for 28 days. The results showed that the gills in direct contact with the water environment exhibited the highest levels of BF bioaccumulation (89.37–142.36 μg/kg), especially after NO2− exposure (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis of gills showed that significant enrichments were observed in metabolic, signaling and immune pathways after exposure, such as cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased in gills after exposure to NO2− and/or BF, parallel with the increase in catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity (AOC). Regarding genes related to immune, the expression of Defensin was significantly decreased while the expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Caspase3 were increased. These results suggested that NO2− and BF exposure disrupted metabolic processes, impaired immune function, and dysregulated antioxidant defenses in the gills of abalone. Particularly, significant alterations were observed under the combined stress of NO2− and BF. In hemocytes, the ROS production could be induced by NO2− and/or BF stress, and the number of hemocytes and phagocytosis decreased significantly, especially in NO2− and BF groups. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis proved that NO2− and/or BF exposure detrimentally affected the overall fitness of abalone, and combined NO2− and BF stress was the most stressful condition. This study emphasizes the impact of NO2− and/or BF on the abalone to better elucidate the risk of environmental pollution on abalone.
期刊介绍:
Aquatic Toxicology publishes significant contributions that increase the understanding of the impact of harmful substances (including natural and synthetic chemicals) on aquatic organisms and ecosystems.
Aquatic Toxicology considers both laboratory and field studies with a focus on marine/ freshwater environments. We strive to attract high quality original scientific papers, critical reviews and expert opinion papers in the following areas: Effects of harmful substances on molecular, cellular, sub-organismal, organismal, population, community, and ecosystem level; Toxic Mechanisms; Genetic disturbances, transgenerational effects, behavioral and adaptive responses; Impacts of harmful substances on structure, function of and services provided by aquatic ecosystems; Mixture toxicity assessment; Statistical approaches to predict exposure to and hazards of contaminants
The journal also considers manuscripts in other areas, such as the development of innovative concepts, approaches, and methodologies, which promote the wider application of toxicological datasets to the protection of aquatic environments and inform ecological risk assessments and decision making by relevant authorities.