Characterization of a novel phage PFX2 and its preliminary application in the biocontrol of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms on fresh beef

Abstract

Pseudomonas fluorescens is the primary spoilage microorganism in meat products, known for its robust biofilm-forming ability and causing significant food safety risks. This study aimed to investigate phage-based decontamination of Pseudomonas fluorescens on beef. A novel lytic phage PFX2 was isolated and characterised, which exhibits high host specificity and maintains its lytic ability under harsh environmental conditions. In the bacteriostatic experiment, phage PFX2 could significantly inhibit P. fluorescens growth at both 4 °C and 25 °C in beef. Phage PFX2 inhibited biofilm formation by 81.53 % when co-cultured with bacteria for 18 h. Additionally, after 2 h of exposure to phage PFX2, mature biofilms were reduced by 97.52 % and 99.80 % on beef and glass surfaces, respectively. Furthermore, microscopic observation validated phage PFX2 base biofilm removal from beef and processing equipment surfaces. These findings indicate that PFX2, as a novel lytic phage, has the potential to control P. fluorescens, particularly its biofilm-associated contamination.