From barriers to breakthroughs: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in targeting the tumor microenvironment

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

International Journal of Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125979

Adel Mahmoudi Gharehbaba , Fatemeh Soltanmohammadi , Morteza Eskandani , Khosro Adibkia

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Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises various components that critically influence cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, making it a key focus for developing innovative cancer treatments. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have gained attention as a promising drug delivery platform due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, adjustable pore size, and ease of functionalization. This review delves into the intricate relationship between the TME and cancer progression, emphasizing the physiological and biochemical barriers that impede effective drug delivery. We explore the latest developments in MSN-based approaches aimed at modulating the TME. These strategies focus on mitigating hypoxia, counteracting acidic pH levels, disrupting the tumor vasculature, and targeting key stromal elements such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Additionally, we investigate the potential of MSNs to suppress the Warburg effect and enhance immunotherapy outcomes. By addressing these critical challenges, MSNs offer a highly adaptable platform for enhancing the specificity and effectiveness of cancer therapeutics. This review underscores the groundbreaking potential of MSNs in reconfiguring the TME and driving progress in personalized cancer treatment strategies.

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从障碍到突破：靶向肿瘤微环境的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒

肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment， TME）由多种成分组成，这些成分对癌症的进展、转移和治疗耐药有重要影响，使其成为开发创新癌症治疗的关键焦点。介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNs）由于其高表面积、可调节孔径和易于功能化等独特的性能而成为一种有前景的药物递送平台。这篇综述深入探讨了TME与癌症进展之间的复杂关系，强调了阻碍有效药物传递的生理和生化障碍。我们探讨了旨在调制TME的基于msn的方法的最新发展。这些策略侧重于缓解缺氧，对抗酸性pH水平，破坏肿瘤血管，并针对关键的基质元素，如癌症相关成纤维细胞（CAFs）和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tam）。此外，我们还研究了MSNs抑制Warburg效应和增强免疫治疗结果的潜力。通过解决这些关键挑战，msn为增强癌症治疗的特异性和有效性提供了一个高度适应性的平台。这篇综述强调了msn在重新配置TME和推动个性化癌症治疗策略方面的突破性潜力。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Pharmaceutics 医学-药学

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

8.60%

发文量

951

审稿时长

72 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Pharmaceutics is the third most cited journal in the "Pharmacy & Pharmacology" category out of 366 journals, being the true home for pharmaceutical scientists concerned with the physical, chemical and biological properties of devices and delivery systems for drugs, vaccines and biologicals, including their design, manufacture and evaluation. This includes evaluation of the properties of drugs, excipients such as surfactants and polymers and novel materials. The journal has special sections on pharmaceutical nanotechnology and personalized medicines, and publishes research papers, reviews, commentaries and letters to the editor as well as special issues.