Validation of risk prediction models for sentinel lymph node metastasis in melanoma in a high UV index region

Abstract

Background

Risk prediction models may refine individualized selection for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in melanoma.

Objective

To evaluate the statistical accuracy and clinical utility of nomograms by the Melanoma Institute of Australia (MIA), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), and University of Colorado in a Southern Arizona population.

Methods

In this prognostic validation, statistical accuracy was assessed through discrimination, measured with receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration plots. Clinical utility was evaluated via decision curve analysis to determine the net benefit and number of net avoidable interventions achieved with nomogram use.

Results

Among 712 melanoma cases included, model discrimination was highest for the MIA nomogram (C-statistic = 0.753; 95% confidence interval = 0.694-0.812), followed by MSKCC (0.729[0.671-0.787]), and University of Colorado (0.601[0.405-0.793]). The MIA and MSKCC nomograms were well-calibrated across clinically relevant risk thresholds. All nomograms achieved a net benefit and net reduction in avoidable SLNBs for risk thresholds ≥5%. There was minimal to no reduction in unnecessary interventions at age extremes (<50 and ≥ 80 years old) for specific risk strata and nomograms.

Limitations

This a 5-year retrospective study.

Conclusions

These nomograms can be used to support SLNB decision-making in this population but necessitate caution in patients at age extremes when used to reduce avoidable interventions.