Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1186/s12986-025-00952-x

Vali Musazadeh, Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad, Pedram Pam, Sanaz Brazandeh, Fatemeh Faramarzi, Yousef Mohammadpour, Amir Hossein Faghfouri, Shahsanam Gheibi

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Abstract

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ɷ3 PUFA), have been proposed as a supplement to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. However, findings evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents.

Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to January 2024 was searched. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Nine studies with 595 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced Body mass index (BMI) (WMD = -0.39 kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.05, I² = 0.0%, P = 0.497), triglyceride (TG) (WMD = -23.54 mg/dl, 95% CI: -42.90, -4.18, I² = 89.2%, P < 0.001), and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.10, I² = 53.6%, P = 0.071). However, ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation did not significantly affect weight, BMI-Z score, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, Total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), and High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, subgroup analysis elucidated that ɷ-3 supplementation has more pronounced effects in higher doses (> 1500 mg/ day) in term of BMI, LDL-c, TG. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2), which identified eight studies as having a high risk of bias. Additionally, the GRADE assessment indicated a high quality of evidence for BMI, HOMA-IR, TG and moderate quality for weight, FBS, TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c values.

Conclusions: The current meta-analysis revealed that ɷ3 PUFA supplementation beneficial effect on BMI, HOMA-IR, and TG levels. No favorable effect of ɷ3 PUFA supplementation on weight, BMI z-score, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBS and insulin was observed.

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肥胖/超重儿童和青少年补充Omega-3和心脏代谢危险因素：GRADE评估的系统回顾和荟萃分析

背景：Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ 3 PUFA）已被提议作为一种补充剂，以改善肥胖/超重儿童和青少年的心脏代谢危险因素。然而，研究结果和证据仍然不一致。本荟萃分析旨在评估 -3 PUFA补充剂对肥胖/超重儿童和青少年心脏代谢危险因素的影响。方法：系统检索PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane Library和谷歌Scholar截止到2024年1月的文献。采用随机效应模型合并数据，计算加权平均差（wmd）和95%置信区间（ci）。结果：纳入9项研究，595名受试者。荟萃分析显示，补充 -3 PUFA可显著降低体重指数（BMI） (WMD = -0.39 kg/m²；95%置信区间:-0.72,-0.05,I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.497),甘油三酯(TG)(大规模杀伤性武器= -23.54 mg / dl, 95%置信区间CI: -42.90, -4.18, I2 = 89.2%, P 2 = 53.6%, P = 0.071)。然而，补充 -3 PUFA并没有显著影响体重、BMI-Z评分、空腹血糖（FBS）、胰岛素、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）。此外，亚组分析表明，就BMI、LDL-c、TG而言，高剂量（150 ~ 1500 mg/天）补充 -3具有更显著的效果。使用Cochrane风险偏倚工具（RoB 2）评估纳入研究的质量，确定了8项研究具有高偏倚风险。此外，GRADE评估显示BMI、HOMA-IR、TG的证据质量高，而体重、FBS、TC、LDL-c和HDL-c值的证据质量中等。结论：目前的荟萃分析显示，补充 3 PUFA对BMI、HOMA-IR和TG水平有有益影响。补充 3 PUFA对体重、BMI z-score、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、FBS和胰岛素均无有利影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition & Metabolism 医学-营养学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition & Metabolism publishes studies with a clear focus on nutrition and metabolism with applications ranging from nutrition needs, exercise physiology, clinical and population studies, as well as the underlying mechanisms in these aspects. The areas of interest for Nutrition & Metabolism encompass studies in molecular nutrition in the context of obesity, diabetes, lipedemias, metabolic syndrome and exercise physiology. Manuscripts related to molecular, cellular and human metabolism, nutrient sensing and nutrient–gene interactions are also in interest, as are submissions that have employed new and innovative strategies like metabolomics/lipidomics or other omic-based biomarkers to predict nutritional status and metabolic diseases. Key areas we wish to encourage submissions from include: -how diet and specific nutrients interact with genes, proteins or metabolites to influence metabolic phenotypes and disease outcomes; -the role of epigenetic factors and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and their influence on metabolic responses to diet and food components; -how diet and other environmental factors affect epigenetics and microbiota; the extent to which genetic and nongenetic factors modify personal metabolic responses to diet and food compositions and the mechanisms involved; -how specific biologic networks and nutrient sensing mechanisms attribute to metabolic variability.