Primary Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor With Bone Marrow Infiltration: A Case Report and Literature Review

IF 1.5 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI:10.1002/cnr2.70282

Patricia Rioja, Guillermo Valencia, Zaida Morante, Renier Cruz, Tatiana Vidaurre, Silvia Neciosup

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Abstract

Introduction

Bone marrow infiltration is a rare presentation in patients with extragonadal germinal cell tumors (EGGCTs). We report a case of primary mediastinal germ cell tumor presenting with bone marrow metastases.

Case Presentation

A 28-year-old male patient was admitted to Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas with superior vena cava syndrome and a mediastinal mass accompanied by positive blood tumor markers for germinal cell tumor (GCT). In addition, he exhibited anemia and thrombocytopenia; therefore, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were done and showed metastatic GCT cells. The patient started standard chemotherapy (bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin) for 2 cycles; there was a reduction of serum tumor markers; however, the patient subsequently developed febrile neutropenia and severe pneumonia, resulting in death.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates an uncommon presentation of EGGCT with bone marrow metastases. Early detection of this presentation will help to reduce the tumor burden and the mortality associated with it.

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原发性纵隔生殖细胞瘤伴骨髓浸润1例并文献复习

摘要骨髓浸润是角外生发细胞瘤（eggct）的罕见表现。我们报告一例原发性纵隔生殖细胞肿瘤，表现为骨髓转移。病例介绍：一名28岁男性患者因上腔静脉综合征和纵隔肿块伴生发细胞瘤（GCT）阳性血液肿瘤标志物入院Neoplásicas。此外，他表现出贫血和血小板减少症；因此，骨髓穿刺和活检显示转移的GCT细胞。患者开始标准化疗（博莱霉素-依托泊德-顺铂）2个周期；血清肿瘤标志物降低；然而，患者随后出现发热性中性粒细胞减少症和严重肺炎，导致死亡。结论本病例表现为罕见的骨髓转移的EGGCT表现。早期发现这种表现将有助于减少肿瘤负担和与之相关的死亡率。

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