Indane-1,3-dione: Versatile precursor for the microwave-assisted synthesis of annulated and spiro-molecular systems

IF 1.8 3区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC

Synthetic Communications Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI:10.1080/00397911.2025.2492703

Sherif M. H. Sanad (Conceptualization Investigation Methodology Project administration Resources Supervision Validation Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing) , Ibrahim S. Sanad (Conceptualization Data curation Formal analysis Investigation Methodology Project administration Resources Software Supervision Validation Visualization Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing)

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that, when used in chemical reactions, offer a number of advantages, including energy efficiency, reduced reaction time, higher synthesis rate, reduced by-products, well-defined final products, high purity, and improved physicochemical properties. Therefore, microwaves have been widely used in both organic and inorganic synthesis. Cyclic 1,3-diketones are versatile precursors that could be used to prepare diverse molecular systems. Among them, indane-1,3-dione has been widely used to prepare diverse indeno-fused heterocycles and spiro-heterocyclic derivatives that demonstrated numerous biological applications. This review includes a survey of the available reports where indane-1,3-dione is annulated, resulting in heterocycles with bi-, tri-, tetra-, and pentacyclic rings under microwave irradiation. Moreover, the review investigates the utility of microwave-assisted reactions in the synthesis of indanone-based, spiro-molecular systems. The mechanistic postulates of some complex procedures are highlighted. Some comments are added to highlight the biological applications of the indeno-fused products.

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吲哚-1,3-二酮：微波辅助合成环状和螺旋分子体系的多功能前体

微波是一种电磁辐射，当用于化学反应时，具有许多优点，包括能源效率，缩短反应时间，提高合成速度，减少副产物，明确的最终产物，高纯度和改进的物理化学性质。因此，微波在有机和无机合成中得到了广泛的应用。环1,3-二酮是一种用途广泛的前体，可用于制备多种分子体系。其中，茚-1,3-二酮已被广泛用于制备各种茚融合杂环和螺杂环衍生物，具有广泛的生物学应用。这篇综述包括对现有报道的综述，其中在微波照射下，茚-1,3-二酮环化，产生具有双环、三环、四环和五环的杂环。此外，本文还研究了微波辅助反应在合成吲哚酮基螺旋分子体系中的应用。强调了一些复杂程序的机制假设。文中还介绍了铟熔产物的生物学应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Synthetic Communications 化学-有机化学

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.80%

发文量

156

审稿时长

4.3 months

期刊介绍： Synthetic Communications presents communications describing new methods, reagents, and other synthetic work pertaining to organic chemistry with sufficient experimental detail to permit reported reactions to be repeated by a chemist reasonably skilled in the art. In addition, the Journal features short, focused review articles discussing topics within its remit of synthetic organic chemistry.