Selective recovery of iron and aluminum from red mud wastewater using fluidized bed homogeneous crystallization

Manh Tuan Truong , Gia Cuong Nguyen , Van Giang Le , Xuan Thanh Bui , The Anh Luu
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Abstract

Red mud is a hazardous byproduct originating from the Bayer process during bauxite ore refining that contains substantial quantities of valuable metal ions including iron and aluminum. However, its high alkalinity and large volume pose considerable environmental concerns. In this present work, we developed a two-stage fluidized bed homogeneous crystallization (FBHC) technology for the selective and sequential recovery of ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) and bayerite (Al(OH)3) from real red mud leachate, without the utilization of heterogeneous seed materials. The crystallization of Fe was optimized at pH 4.0 ± 0.2 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 min, while Al recovery via FBHC was most effective at pH 9.5 ± 0.3 and up-flow velocity (U) = 25.0 m/h. Iron and aluminum were correspondingly recovered as ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) and bayerite (Al(OH)3) with total recovery efficiencies reached 99.89 % for Fe(III) and 99.6 % for Al(III). The FBHC technology developed in this study overcomes the limitations of conventional heterogeneous crystallization methods by producing pure products without the need for seed materials and generating less sludge. The resulting crystallized products exhibit uniform spherical shapes (0.5–1.0 nm) and well-defined crystal structures, as confirmed by SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR analyses. A preliminary cost-benefit analysis indicated that the proposed process has potential for upscaling and economic implementation in red mud valorization. Recovering metals from red mud helps reduce environmental risks whereas generating economic benefits.
流化床均匀结晶法选择性回收赤泥废水中的铁和铝
赤泥是铝土矿精炼过程中拜耳工艺产生的危险副产品,其中含有大量有价金属离子,包括铁和铝。然而,它的高碱度和大体积引起了相当大的环境问题。在本工作中,我们开发了一种两级流化床均匀结晶(FBHC)技术,用于从真实的赤泥渗滤液中选择性和顺序地回收氢氧化铁(Fe(OH)3)和bayerite (Al(OH)3),而不使用异质种子材料。pH为4.0 ± 0.2、水力停留时间为30 min时,Fe的结晶效果最佳;pH为9.5 ± 0.3、上流速度为 25.0 m/h时,FBHC对Al的回收效果最佳。铁和铝分别以氢氧化铁(Fe(OH)3)和拜耳石(Al(OH)3)的形式回收,铁(III)和铝(III)的总回收率分别达到99.89 %和99.6 %。本研究开发的FBHC技术克服了传统非均相结晶方法的局限性,无需种子材料即可生产纯净产品,产生的污泥较少。通过SEM、EDS、XRD和FTIR分析证实,结晶产物具有均匀的球形(0.5-1.0 nm)和明确的晶体结构。初步的成本效益分析表明,所提出的工艺具有扩大规模和经济实施赤泥增值的潜力。从赤泥中回收金属有助于减少环境风险,同时产生经济效益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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