Integration of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation for continuous mode treatment of tannery effluents: Experimental, optimization, and economic analysis

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108314

Sanjeev Kumar Meena, Shiv Om Meena, Vikas K. Sangal, Neetesh Kumar Dehariya

{"title":"Integration of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation for continuous mode treatment of tannery effluents: Experimental, optimization, and economic analysis","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar Meena, Shiv Om Meena, Vikas K. Sangal, Neetesh Kumar Dehariya","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108314","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Treatment of tannery wastewater presents significant challenges due to its complex composition, toxic substances, and high pollution levels. Conventional treatment methods are often inadequate for effectively treating this type of wastewater. However, hybrid processes have shown promising outcomes regarding the treatment of effluents. This study presents a novel application of combined electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes, integrated in a once-through continuous mode, for the effective treatment of synthetic tannery wastewater (STWW). Fe/Fe electrodes were employed for EC process, whereas EO process utilized a mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrode (Ti/TiO₂-IrO₂-RuO₂) as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode. The primary objective of this study is to reduce the concentrations of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), chromium (Cr(VI)), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in STWW. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the effects of operating factors such as current, flow rate, and time on removing 4-CP, Cr(VI), and COD concentrations, and identify their interactions. The optimal operating conditions were determined, resulting in the following removal efficiencies: 75.97 % for 4-CP, 82.33 % for Cr(VI), 89.00 % for COD, and 37.30 % for TOC. The energy consumption was measured at 28.85 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>. The operating costs for the hybrid process were calculated to be 2.11 USD/m<sup>3</sup> and compared with literature data. Therefore, combining EC-EO could be an innovative approach for tannery wastewater treatment in continuous mode. Future studies using real tannery wastewater is recommended to better validate the efficiency and scalability of the EC–EO hybrid process under practical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108314"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of water process engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214714425013868","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Treatment of tannery wastewater presents significant challenges due to its complex composition, toxic substances, and high pollution levels. Conventional treatment methods are often inadequate for effectively treating this type of wastewater. However, hybrid processes have shown promising outcomes regarding the treatment of effluents. This study presents a novel application of combined electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes, integrated in a once-through continuous mode, for the effective treatment of synthetic tannery wastewater (STWW). Fe/Fe electrodes were employed for EC process, whereas EO process utilized a mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrode (Ti/TiO₂-IrO₂-RuO₂) as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode. The primary objective of this study is to reduce the concentrations of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), chromium (Cr(VI)), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in STWW. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the effects of operating factors such as current, flow rate, and time on removing 4-CP, Cr(VI), and COD concentrations, and identify their interactions. The optimal operating conditions were determined, resulting in the following removal efficiencies: 75.97 % for 4-CP, 82.33 % for Cr(VI), 89.00 % for COD, and 37.30 % for TOC. The energy consumption was measured at 28.85 kWh/m³. The operating costs for the hybrid process were calculated to be 2.11 USD/m³ and compared with literature data. Therefore, combining EC-EO could be an innovative approach for tannery wastewater treatment in continuous mode. Future studies using real tannery wastewater is recommended to better validate the efficiency and scalability of the EC–EO hybrid process under practical conditions.

查看原文本刊更多论文

集成电凝和电氧化连续模式处理制革厂废水：实验，优化和经济分析

制革废水的处理由于其复杂的成分、有毒物质和高污染水平而面临重大挑战。传统的处理方法往往不足以有效地处理这类废水。然而，混合工艺在污水处理方面显示出有希望的结果。本研究提出了一种新的应用组合电凝（EC）和电氧化（EO）工艺，集成在一次通过连续模式，有效处理合成制革废水（STWW）。EC工艺采用Fe/Fe电极，EO工艺采用混合金属氧化物（MMO）电极（Ti/TiO₂-IrO₂-RuO₂）作为阳极，不锈钢作为阴极。本研究的主要目的是降低垃圾生活垃圾中4-氯酚（4-CP）、铬（Cr(VI)）、化学需氧量（COD）和总有机碳（TOC）的浓度。采用Box-Behnken设计优化了电流、流速和时间等操作因素对4-CP、Cr（VI）和COD浓度的影响，并确定了它们之间的相互作用。结果表明：4-CP去除率为75.97%,Cr（VI）去除率为82.33%，COD去除率为89.00%，TOC去除率为37.30%。能耗测量值为28.85 kWh/m3。计算混合工艺的运行成本为2.11美元/立方米，并与文献数据进行比较。因此，结合EC-EO可能是制革厂废水连续处理的一种创新方法。建议未来使用实际制革废水进行研究，以更好地验证EC-EO混合工艺在实际条件下的效率和可扩展性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of water process engineering Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

8.60%

发文量

846

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies