Exploring the use of complementary and alternative medicine among cancer patients in Africa: A systematic review

Abstract

Background

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is widely practiced by cancer patients globally, and in Africa, where the influence of cultural beliefs, limited access to healthcare, and personal preferences enhance its use. This systematic review explored the prevalent of CAM use, the various types of CAM practiced, and the reasons behind its use among cancer patients in Africa.

Methods

Databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, AJOL, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to retrieve relevant studies using selected keywords and synonyms. Studies focusing on CAM usage patterns among cancer patients in Africa and published in English were considered. Relevant data were extracted, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using the CASP critical appraisal tool. Findings were narratively synthesized and reported according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results

A total of 21 studies from 12 African countries, involving 8,945 cancer patients, were included. The prevalence of CAM use was reported to range from 36% to 80%, indicating widespread reliance on these practices in Africa. The use of herbal medicine, spiritual healing, and dietary supplements were identified as the most common CAM modalities. CAM use was found to be more frequent among women, rural residents, and patients in advanced stages of cancer. Reasons for CAM use were reported to include cultural beliefs, limited trust in conventional treatments, and the hope of improved health outcomes.

Discussion

CAM is widely practised among African cancer patients, driven by various cultural, economic, and healthcare-related factors, offering emotional and psychological benefits. However, its unregulated use could potentially result in delays in receiving proper cancer treatment. Governments, healthcare providers, and researchers should work together to ensure that CAM practices are safe, evidence-based, and integrated into healthcare systems where appropriate. Public education on CAM use is also crucial to improve cancer care outcomes.