Design and construction of a small embeddable nuclear magnetic resonance sensor utilizing 3D-printed components

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI:10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00678

Floriberto Díaz-Díaz , Prisciliano Felipe de Jesús Cano-Barrita

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Abstract

This paper presents the design and construction of a cost-effective embeddable nuclear magnetic resonance sensor using 3D printing to improve the construction process. The sensor comprises two 25.4 mm diameter x 3 mm thick neodymium-iron-boron disk magnets and an elliptical radio frequency coil. Magnetic field simulations were employed to determine the optimal separation between magnets, achieving a relatively homogeneous B₀ field of 180 mT at the center of the array. Custom 3D-printed parts ensured precise magnet alignment and facilitated coil fabrication. The sensor was encased within a Faraday cage constructed from a printed circuit board to mitigate external electromagnetic interference. A remote tuning circuit was developed to tune the coil to 7.66 MHz. Initial testing involved using an eraser sample to determine the required 90° and 180° pulse amplitudes and duration. The sensor’s performance was further validated under immersion conditions in milk, yogurt, and fresh cement paste, using the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill technique. The signals obtained were processed by fitting the data to an exponential decay function to obtain the T₂ lifetimes and their corresponding signal intensities, and by Inverse Laplace Transformation to obtain the T₂ lifetime distribution. Results indicate the sensoŕs capability to detect variations in samples having different compositions.

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利用3d打印组件设计和构建小型可嵌入核磁共振传感器

本文介绍了利用3D打印技术设计和制造一种具有成本效益的嵌入式核磁共振传感器，以改进其制造工艺。该传感器由两个25.4毫米直径x 3毫米厚的钕铁硼圆盘磁铁和一个椭圆射频线圈组成。通过磁场模拟来确定磁体之间的最佳分离，在阵列中心获得了180 mT的相对均匀的B0场。定制的3d打印部件确保了精确的磁铁对准和方便的线圈制造。该传感器被封装在一个由印刷电路板构成的法拉第笼中，以减轻外部电磁干扰。开发了一种远程调谐电路，将线圈调谐到7.66 MHz。初始测试包括使用橡皮擦样品来确定所需的90°和180°脉冲幅度和持续时间。利用carr - purcell - meiboomm - gill技术，在牛奶、酸奶和新鲜水泥浆的浸泡条件下进一步验证了传感器的性能。对得到的信号进行指数衰减函数拟合，得到T2寿命及其对应的信号强度，并进行拉普拉斯逆变换，得到T2寿命分布。结果表明sensoŕs能够检测具有不同成分的样品的变化。

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来源期刊

HardwareX Engineering-Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

18.20%

发文量

124

审稿时长

24 weeks

期刊介绍： HardwareX is an open access journal established to promote free and open source designing, building and customizing of scientific infrastructure (hardware). HardwareX aims to recognize researchers for the time and effort in developing scientific infrastructure while providing end-users with sufficient information to replicate and validate the advances presented. HardwareX is open to input from all scientific, technological and medical disciplines. Scientific infrastructure will be interpreted in the broadest sense. Including hardware modifications to existing infrastructure, sensors and tools that perform measurements and other functions outside of the traditional lab setting (such as wearables, air/water quality sensors, and low cost alternatives to existing tools), and the creation of wholly new tools for either standard or novel laboratory tasks. Authors are encouraged to submit hardware developments that address all aspects of science, not only the final measurement, for example, enhancements in sample preparation and handling, user safety, and quality control. The use of distributed digital manufacturing strategies (e.g. 3-D printing) is encouraged. All designs must be submitted under an open hardware license.