Microcystins in transitional and marine ecosystems: Source categories, distribution patterns, and ecological impacts

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118432

Mariam Yousaf, Jing Wang, Arbaz Rehman, Zelong Li

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Abstract

Microcystins (MCs) are the algal toxins produced by freshwater blooms, and the environmental problems associated with them in both the aquatic and terrestrial environments are well known. However, in recent years, MCs have been continuously recorded in the marine settings such as brackish, estuarine, and coastal waters. To date, the review regarding the sources, distribution, and impacts of MCs in the marine ecosystems remains limited. This review elucidates the MCs' sources, distribution, and ecological impacts beyond freshwater systems. The study provides a global overview of the delivery of MC-producing algae from freshwater to the marine ecosystems and the secondary outbreaks of MC-producing algae in the marine environment. The distribution of MCs in contexts outside of freshwater is addressed by thoroughly examining all the current literature related to their existence in exclusive marine habitats. By examining MCs' effects at various trophic levels, the paper comprehends the environmental implications of MCs' existence in the marine environment. Overall, this review will provide new insights for addressing future issues, opportunities, and critical gaps, such as a comprehensive understanding of the fate and environmental behavior, long-term potential consequences, and the impact of MCs on microbial communities in marine settings, urging targeted management strategies for safeguarding the marine ecosystem health.

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过渡性和海洋生态系统中的微囊藻毒素：来源类别、分布模式和生态影响

微囊藻毒素（MCs）是淡水水华产生的藻类毒素，在水生和陆生环境中与之相关的环境问题是众所周知的。然而，近年来，MCs在咸淡水、河口和沿海等海洋环境中不断被记录。迄今为止，关于海洋生态系统中微生物的来源、分布和影响的研究仍然有限。本文综述了微生物的来源、分布及其在淡水系统之外的生态影响。该研究提供了产mc藻类从淡水向海洋生态系统输送以及产mc藻类在海洋环境中二次爆发的全球概况。在淡水以外的环境中，MCs的分布是通过彻底检查所有与它们在专属海洋栖息地中存在有关的现有文献来解决的。通过对不同营养水平MCs效应的研究，了解了MCs在海洋环境中的存在对环境的影响。总体而言，本综述将为解决未来的问题、机遇和关键空白提供新的见解，例如全面了解MCs的命运和环境行为、长期潜在后果以及对海洋环境中微生物群落的影响，敦促采取有针对性的管理策略来保护海洋生态系统的健康。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Marine pollution bulletin 环境科学-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

15.50%

发文量

1077

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： Marine Pollution Bulletin is concerned with the rational use of maritime and marine resources in estuaries, the seas and oceans, as well as with documenting marine pollution and introducing new forms of measurement and analysis. A wide range of topics are discussed as news, comment, reviews and research reports, not only on effluent disposal and pollution control, but also on the management, economic aspects and protection of the marine environment in general.