{"title":"Behavioral consistency between real and simulated driving: a multi-layered experimental study","authors":"Hitoshi Terai , Kazuhisa Miwa , Hiroyuki Okuda , Yuichi Tazaki , Tatsuya Suzuki , Kazuaki Kojima , Junya Morita , Akihiro Maehigashi , Kazuya Takeda","doi":"10.1016/j.trip.2025.101512","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated behavioral consistency of across the operations of braking, accelerating, and steering between a real vehicle and a driving simulator (DS). Behavioral consistency between the real vehicle and the DS was examined based on two criteria. The upper criterion was derived from the constraint that even if the fidelity of the DS increases, it cannot exceed the behavioral consistency when driving in a real vehicle. The lower criterion was derived from the constraint that the physical course on which the vehicle is traveling produces a minimum level of consistency. Experiments were conducted on isomorphic courses to compare driving behavior across a real vehicle, a DS, and a dot vehicle (a sprite in a driving game). The behavioral consistency of each driving operation (braking, accelerating, and steering) was calculated as a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient using the amount of operation along the course for each system. The results showed a high consistency in steering between the real vehicle and the DS. However, braking and accelerating showed lower consistency. It was suggested that the discrepancies in braking could be attributed to inherent human characteristics in real-world driving, while the issues with acceleration could be associated with the DS’s fidelity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36621,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198225001915","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"TRANSPORTATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study investigated behavioral consistency of across the operations of braking, accelerating, and steering between a real vehicle and a driving simulator (DS). Behavioral consistency between the real vehicle and the DS was examined based on two criteria. The upper criterion was derived from the constraint that even if the fidelity of the DS increases, it cannot exceed the behavioral consistency when driving in a real vehicle. The lower criterion was derived from the constraint that the physical course on which the vehicle is traveling produces a minimum level of consistency. Experiments were conducted on isomorphic courses to compare driving behavior across a real vehicle, a DS, and a dot vehicle (a sprite in a driving game). The behavioral consistency of each driving operation (braking, accelerating, and steering) was calculated as a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient using the amount of operation along the course for each system. The results showed a high consistency in steering between the real vehicle and the DS. However, braking and accelerating showed lower consistency. It was suggested that the discrepancies in braking could be attributed to inherent human characteristics in real-world driving, while the issues with acceleration could be associated with the DS’s fidelity.