Influence of quaternary ammonium moieties on poly(phenylene oxide) based anion exchange membranes for acid reclamation by diffusion dialysis

Next Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100937

Prashant Upadhyay , Sarthak Mishra , Sweety Suhag , Vaibhav Kulshrestha

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Abstract

Disposal of acidic effluent pose significant environmental challenges. To mitigate this challenge, acid reclamation from the effluent offers a sustainable solution. Therefore, membrane-based separation processes such as diffusion dialysis (DD) have proven practical approach for acid reclamation. Here, we report a designed synthesis of anion exchange membrane (AEMs) from brominated poly(phenylene oxide) followed by quaternization with four various quaternary ammonium (QA) moieties. These QA groups are aliphatic, cyclic aliphatic, aromatic, and bicyclic. The fabricated membrane’s structural, morphological, and thermo-mechanical stabilities were illustrated through ¹H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, AFM, UTM and TGA analysis. Among the prepared membranes, AEM-4 exhibited outstanding electrochemical traits: water uptake (27 %), ion exchange capacity (1.1 meq g⁻¹), and conductivity (9.8 mS cm⁻¹). The acid reclamation of fabricated membranes was evaluated in a lab-scale setup, focusing on proton diffusion coefficient (U_H⁺) and separation factor. AEM-4 membrane demonstrated superior proton diffusion coefficient (17.3 × 10⁻³ m h⁻¹) and separation factor (54.4) in acid effluents (HCl/FeCl₂), surpassing AEM-1, AEM-2, and AEM-3 by ∼1.3, ∼1.2 and ∼1.0 times, respectively. This study investigated the impact of these QA groups on AEM properties, aiming to identify the optimal QA group for synthesizing AEMs for DD application.

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季铵组分对扩散透析酸回收用聚苯乙烯基阴离子交换膜性能的影响

酸性废水的处理构成了重大的环境挑战。为了缓解这一挑战，从废水中进行酸回收提供了一种可持续的解决方案。因此，膜分离工艺如扩散透析（DD）已被证明是酸回收的实用方法。在这里，我们报道了一种设计的阴离子交换膜（AEMs）的合成，由溴化聚（苯乙烯氧化物），然后与四个不同的季铵（QA）基团季铵化。这些QA基团是脂肪族、环脂肪族、芳香族和双环。通过1H NMR、FT-IR、SEM、AFM、UTM和TGA分析表征了制备膜的结构、形态和热机械稳定性。在制备的膜中，AEM-4表现出优异的电化学特性：吸水率（27 %）、离子交换容量（1.1 meq g−1）和电导率（9.8 mS cm−1）。以质子扩散系数（UH+）和分离系数为指标，对制备膜的酸回收性能进行了评价。AEM-4膜在酸性废水（HCl/FeCl2）中表现出优越的质子扩散系数（17.3 × 10−3 m h−1）和分离系数（54.4），分别比AEM-1、AEM-2和AEM-3高出1.3倍、1.2倍和1.0倍。本研究考察了这些QA基团对AEM性质的影响，旨在确定合成用于DD应用的AEM的最佳QA基团。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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