Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using methanolic extracts of Ulva lactuca: GC/MS analysis, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity

Next Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI:10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100923

N.V. Mrunalini , P. Naga Deepthi , B. Kishori , S.B. Sainath

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Abstract

In this study, we aimed at biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (NPs) based methanolic extracts of marine macro-algae, Ulva lactuca and to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of green synthesized silver-NPs. The biosynthesized silver-NPs showed maximum absorption between 395 nm to 400 nm in the UV–visible spectrum. X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that the synthesized silver-NPs were spherical in shape. Fourier transmission infrared measurements indicated that the methanolic extracts of U. lactuca comprised of bioactive groups accountable for the reduction of silver ions, suggesting occurrence of capping agents and provided stability to the synthesized silver-NPs. GC-MS analysis revealed several bioactive compounds in the methanolic extracts of U. lactuca and most notably we noticed diterpenoid like Neophytadiene. Following the characterization studies, the synthesized silver-NPs were analyzed for its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-diabetic abilities. Interestingly, biogenic silver-NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but did not elicit antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger at selected concentrations. Synthesized silver-NPs using methanolic extracts of U. lactuca exhibited (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, superoxide and hydroxy radicals scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity suggesting antioxidant potential. Further, Phyto synthesized silver NPs also showed antidiabetic activity in vitro as indicated by alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay. Based on the bioactivity of synthesized silver NPs using methanolic extracts of U. lactuca, it might be used in clinical use as an antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic agent.

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Ulva lactuca甲醇提取物合成纳米银的GC/MS分析及其抗菌、抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性

本研究以海洋巨藻Ulva lactuca的甲醇提取物为基础，生物合成纳米银颗粒（NPs），并评价其抗菌、抗真菌、抗氧化和抗糖尿病的作用。生物合成的银纳米粒子在紫外可见光谱中最大吸收范围为395 ~ 400 nm。x射线衍射和扫描电镜分析表明，合成的nps呈球形。傅里叶透射红外测量表明，乳木兰甲醇提取物中含有可还原银离子的生物活性基团，表明存在盖层剂，并为合成的银nps提供了稳定性。气相色谱-质谱分析显示，在仙人掌的甲醇提取物中发现了几种生物活性化合物，其中最值得注意的是二萜类化合物，如新苔二烯。在进行了表征研究之后，对合成的银nps进行了抗菌、抗氧化和抗糖尿病能力的分析。有趣的是，生物源性银nps对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌具有抗菌活性，但在特定浓度下对白色念珠菌和黑曲霉没有抗菌活性。用乳甘蓝甲醇提取物合成的银nps具有清除（2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰肼基）自由基、清除超氧自由基和羟基自由基以及清除过氧化氢的活性，表明其具有抗氧化潜力。此外，通过α -葡萄糖苷酶抑制实验，Phyto合成的银NPs也显示出体外抗糖尿病活性。研究结果表明，乳葡菌甲醇提取物合成的银NPs具有良好的生物活性，可作为抗菌、抗氧化和抗糖尿病药物应用于临床。

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