Synergistic effect of anthocyanin-rich Euphorbia milii dye and TiCl4-passivation on 1D TiO2-based DSSCs

Next Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100945

Kumar Vaisno Srivastava , Anjesh Srivastava , Raj Kumar Maurya , Yatendra Pal Singh , Abhishek Srivastava

{"title":"Synergistic effect of anthocyanin-rich Euphorbia milii dye and TiCl4-passivation on 1D TiO2-based DSSCs","authors":"Kumar Vaisno Srivastava , Anjesh Srivastava , Raj Kumar Maurya , Yatendra Pal Singh , Abhishek Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100945","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of eco-sustainable dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) incorporating anthocyanin-rich Euphorbia milii flower (EMF) extract as a natural photosensitiser and hydrothermally synthesised one-dimensional TiO2 nanorods (TNRs) as photoanodes. TNR photoanodes fabricated with varying hydrothermal durations (6, 8, and 10 h) were systematically evaluated. Among them, TNR8 exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.12 %, attributed to its optimized surface morphology, enhanced dye-loading capacity, and superior charge transport. The EMF dye demonstrated strong absorption in the 400–600 nm range and successfully anchored onto TNRs through -COOH and -OH functional groups, as confirmed by FTIR analysis. To further improve photovoltaic performance, TiCl4 surface passivation was applied to the TNR8 photoanode. This treatment resulted in a uniform TiO2 overlayer that passivated surface trap states, enhanced crystallinity, and improved dye adsorption, collectively suppressing charge recombination and promoting efficient electron transport. Consequently, the passivated p-TNR8 photoanode achieved a significantly enhanced PCE of 2.60 %, with a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 17.24 mA cm−2 and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 499 mV. The notable ∼132 % increase in efficiency is ascribed to reduced interfacial recombination resistance (RCt: from 23.32 to 13.42 Ω·cm2) and a red-shifted absorption onset (Eg: from 3.07 to 3.02 eV) resulting from improved electronic interactions at the TiO2/dye interface. Compared to expensive commercial dyes such as N719 (> $1000/g), the EMF dye offers a low-cost (< $1/g), environmentally benign, and scalable alternative. These results demonstrate the practical viability of natural dye-sensitized DSSCs and highlight the significance of photoanode engineering and interfacial optimization in advancing green and affordable photovoltaic technologies for sustainable energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Next Materials","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822825004630","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study presents the development of eco-sustainable dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) incorporating anthocyanin-rich Euphorbia milii flower (EMF) extract as a natural photosensitiser and hydrothermally synthesised one-dimensional TiO₂ nanorods (TNRs) as photoanodes. TNR photoanodes fabricated with varying hydrothermal durations (6, 8, and 10 h) were systematically evaluated. Among them, TNR8 exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.12 %, attributed to its optimized surface morphology, enhanced dye-loading capacity, and superior charge transport. The EMF dye demonstrated strong absorption in the 400–600 nm range and successfully anchored onto TNRs through -COOH and -OH functional groups, as confirmed by FTIR analysis. To further improve photovoltaic performance, TiCl₄ surface passivation was applied to the TNR8 photoanode. This treatment resulted in a uniform TiO₂ overlayer that passivated surface trap states, enhanced crystallinity, and improved dye adsorption, collectively suppressing charge recombination and promoting efficient electron transport. Consequently, the passivated p-TNR8 photoanode achieved a significantly enhanced PCE of 2.60 %, with a short-circuit current density (J_SC) of 17.24 mA cm⁻² and an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 499 mV. The notable ∼132 % increase in efficiency is ascribed to reduced interfacial recombination resistance (R_Ct: from 23.32 to 13.42 Ω·cm²) and a red-shifted absorption onset (E_g: from 3.07 to 3.02 eV) resulting from improved electronic interactions at the TiO₂/dye interface. Compared to expensive commercial dyes such as N719 (> $1000/g), the EMF dye offers a low-cost (< $1/g), environmentally benign, and scalable alternative. These results demonstrate the practical viability of natural dye-sensitized DSSCs and highlight the significance of photoanode engineering and interfacial optimization in advancing green and affordable photovoltaic technologies for sustainable energy applications.

查看原文本刊更多论文

富花青素大麻黄染料与ticl4钝化对1D tio2基DSSCs的协同作用

本研究介绍了生态可持续染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）的发展，该电池采用富含花青素的大戟花（EMF）提取物作为天然光敏剂，并采用水热合成的一维TiO2纳米棒（tnr）作为光阳极。系统评价了不同水热时间（6、8和10 h）制备的TNR光阳极。其中，TNR8表现出最高的功率转换效率（PCE），为1.12 %，这归功于其优化的表面形貌、增强的染料负载能力和优越的电荷传输。FTIR分析证实，EMF染料在400-600 nm范围内具有很强的吸收能力，并通过-COOH和-OH官能团成功地锚定在tnr上。为了进一步提高光伏性能，将TiCl4表面钝化应用于TNR8光阳极。这种处理产生了均匀的TiO2覆盖层，钝化了表面陷阱态，增强了结晶度，改善了染料吸附，共同抑制了电荷重组，促进了有效的电子传递。因此，钝化后的p-TNR8光阳极的PCE显著提高了2.60 %，短路电流密度（JSC）为17.24 mA cm−2，开路电压（VOC）为499 mV。效率显著提高了~ 132 %，这是由于界面重组阻力的降低（RCt：从23.32到13.42 Ω·cm2）和吸收开始红移（例如：从3.07到3.02 eV），这是由于TiO2/染料界面上电子相互作用的改善。与N719 (>；$1000/g)， EMF染料提供了一种低成本(<；1美元/克)、环保、可扩展的替代方案。这些结果证明了天然染料敏化DSSCs的实际可行性，并强调了光阳极工程和界面优化在推进绿色和可负担的光伏技术用于可持续能源应用方面的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Next Materials

自引率

0.00%

发文量