A systematic review of continuous glucose monitoring sensors: principles, core technologies and performance evaluation

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.snr.2025.100361

Xinying Wu , Xingyu Zhao , Weiliang Chen , Qinghua Chen , Linghai Kong , Peiyao Li

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Abstract

Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, a condition resulting from insufficient or impaired insulin secretion and utilization. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) technology has emerged as a key solution. The flexible electrode design and ‘‘24/7′’ coverage of CGM systems address the discomfort associated with traditional Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM), reducing the need for frequent fingertip punctures and improving patient compliance. The shift from BGM to CGM technology can be attributed to significant advancements in electrode design, material selection, and sensor performance. This paper reviews recent advancements in CGM systems, focusing on the principles of the four sensor generations, core sensing technologies, outer membrane design, and key performance indicators. Finally, this paper provides a summary and outlook on future research directions in CGM sensors development.

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连续血糖监测传感器的系统综述：原理、核心技术和性能评价

糖尿病的特点是慢性高血糖，这是一种由胰岛素分泌和利用不足或受损引起的疾病。随着全球糖尿病患病率的持续上升，连续血糖监测（CGM）技术已经成为一个关键的解决方案。CGM系统的柔性电极设计和“24/7”覆盖范围解决了传统血糖监测（BGM）带来的不适，减少了频繁穿刺指尖的需要，提高了患者的依从性。从BGM到CGM技术的转变可以归因于电极设计、材料选择和传感器性能的重大进步。本文综述了CGM系统的最新进展，重点介绍了四代传感器的原理、核心传感技术、外膜设计和关键性能指标。最后，对CGM传感器未来的研究方向进行了总结和展望。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators Reports Multiple-

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators Reports is a peer-reviewed open access journal launched out from the Sensors and Actuators journal family. Sensors and Actuators Reports is dedicated to publishing new and original works in the field of all type of sensors and actuators, including bio-, chemical-, physical-, and nano- sensors and actuators, which demonstrates significant progress beyond the current state of the art. The journal regularly publishes original research papers, reviews, and short communications. For research papers and short communications, the journal aims to publish the new and original work supported by experimental results and as such purely theoretical works are not accepted.