Cancer across five decades in a Swedish female cohort: Findings from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg (1968–2019)

IF 2 Q3 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES

Journal of Cancer Policy Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.jcpo.2025.100622

Dominique Hange , Amanda von Below , Valter Sundh , Lauren Lissner , Cecilia Björkelund

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Abstract

Background

Cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, with increasing prevalence posing ongoing public health challenges. Despite medical advances, women are often underrepresented in clinical research. In Sweden, high cancer rates among women underscore the importance of long-term studies. The Population Study of Women in Gothenburg (PSWG), initiated in 1968, provides a unique opportunity to explore cancer trends across five decades in a representative cohort of Swedish women.

Methods

This population-based cohort study included 2165 women initially examined in 1968–69, with additional cohorts recruited in 1980, 1992, and 2004. Participants were followed longitudinally until the end of 2019. Cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality data were obtained from medical records and national registries. Associations between demographic and lifestyle factors (including smoking and socioeconomic status) and cancer outcomes were assessed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Results

Out of 2165 participants, 634 (29 %) were diagnosed with cancer during the follow-up period. The most common cancer types were breast (n = 150, 6.9 %) and skin cancer (n = 130, 6.0 %). Smoking and higher socioeconomic status were significantly associated with increased cancer incidence. Among 1154 women aged 60–90 at follow-up, 761 deaths occurred, with 181 (24 %) attributed to cancer—most frequently liver, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. Smoking was also linked to elevated cancer-related mortality.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the value of long-term cohort data in tracking cancer trends among women. Cancer incidence increased over time, with smoking linked to both higher incidence and mortality. While established associations were confirmed, no new links were found between lower socioeconomic status and cancer, although higher socioeconomic status was associated with increased incidence.

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瑞典女性队列五十年中的癌症：哥德堡妇女人口研究（1968-2019）的结果。

背景：癌症仍然是全球死亡的主要原因，发病率不断上升，对公共卫生构成持续挑战。尽管医学取得了进步，但妇女在临床研究中的代表性往往不足。在瑞典，女性的高癌症发病率强调了长期研究的重要性。哥德堡妇女人口研究（PSWG）于1968年启动，提供了一个独特的机会，在瑞典妇女的代表性队列中探索五十年来的癌症趋势。方法：这项以人群为基础的队列研究包括2165名妇女，最初于1968-69年接受检查，并于1980年、1992年和2004年招募了额外的队列。参与者被纵向跟踪到2019年底。癌症发病率和特定原因死亡率数据来自医疗记录和国家登记处。使用描述性和推断性统计方法评估人口统计学和生活方式因素（包括吸烟和社会经济地位）与癌症结局之间的关系。结果：在2165名参与者中，634名（29%）在随访期间被诊断出患有癌症。最常见的癌症类型是乳腺癌（n = 150, 6.9%）和皮肤癌（n = 130, 6.0%）。吸烟和较高的社会经济地位与癌症发病率的增加显著相关。在随访的1154名60至90岁的妇女中，有761人死亡，其中181人（24%）死于癌症——最常见的是肝癌、乳腺癌和胃肠道癌症。吸烟还与癌症相关死亡率升高有关。结论：这项研究证明了长期队列数据在追踪女性癌症趋势方面的价值。癌症发病率随着时间的推移而增加，吸烟与更高的发病率和死亡率有关。虽然已建立的联系得到了证实，但没有发现社会经济地位较低与癌症之间的新联系，尽管社会经济地位较高与发病率增加有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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