Restoration of Sight with Electronic Retinal Prostheses.

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI:10.1146/annurev-vision-110323-025244

Daniel Palanker, James D Weiland, Boris Rosin, José-Alain Sahel

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Retinal prostheses aim at restoring sight to patients blinded by atrophy of photoreceptors using electrical stimulation of the inner retinal neurons. Bipolar cells can be targeted using subretinal implants, and their responses are then relayed to the central visual pathways via the retinal neural network, preserving many features of natural signal processing. Epiretinal implants stimulate the output retinal layer-ganglion cells-and encode visual information directly in spiking patterns.Several companies and academic groups have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the degenerate retina can elicit visual percepts. However, most failed to consistently and safely achieve an acceptable level of performance. Recent clinical trials demonstrated that subretinal photovoltaic arrays in patients visually impaired by age-related macular degeneration can provide letter acuity matching their 100 μm pixel pitch, corresponding to 20/420 acuity. Electronic zoom enabled patients to read smaller fonts. This review describes the concepts, technologies, and clinical outcomes of current systems and provides an outlook into future developments.

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电子视网膜假体修复视力。

视网膜假体旨在通过电刺激视网膜内神经元来恢复因光感受器萎缩而失明的患者的视力。双极细胞可以用视网膜下植入物定位，然后它们的反应通过视网膜神经网络传递到中央视觉通路，保留了自然信号处理的许多特征。视网膜外植入物刺激视网膜输出层——神经节细胞，并以脉冲模式直接编码视觉信息。一些公司和学术团体已经证明，对退化的视网膜进行电刺激可以引起视觉感知。然而，大多数都未能持续安全地达到可接受的性能水平。最近的临床试验表明，视网膜下光伏阵列可以为年龄相关性黄斑变性视力受损的患者提供与其100 μm像素间距匹配的字母敏锐度，相当于20/420的敏锐度。电子变焦使患者能够阅读更小的字体。这篇综述描述了当前系统的概念、技术和临床结果，并对未来的发展进行了展望。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Vision Science Medicine-Ophthalmology

CiteScore

11.10

自引率

1.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Vision Science reviews progress in the visual sciences, a cross-cutting set of disciplines which intersect psychology, neuroscience, computer science, cell biology and genetics, and clinical medicine. The journal covers a broad range of topics and techniques, including optics, retina, central visual processing, visual perception, eye movements, visual development, vision models, computer vision, and the mechanisms of visual disease, dysfunction, and sight restoration. The study of vision is central to progress in many areas of science, and this new journal will explore and expose the connections that link it to biology, behavior, computation, engineering, and medicine.