Class and isotype of VlsE-specific antibody differentiates Lyme disease stage.

IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-13 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI:10.1128/jcm.00347-25
Nisha Nair, Adriana Marques, Elizabeth J Horn, Grant Brown, Maria Gomes-Solecki
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Establishment of immunoglobulin diversity is contingent on recombination that occurs both at the Fab and at the Fc regions of the immunoglobulin, and this process is time dependent. Based on this principle, we questioned whether Lyme disease stage can be distinguished by quantification of immunoglobulin class and IgG isotype specific to VlsE in serum from clinically characterized patients. We used an enzyme immunoassay to categorize serologic antibodies to VlsE antigen as well as machine-learning techniques to train and integrate multiple predictors to identify likely disease stage. We found that IgM/IgG3/IgG1/IgA1 was enriched in serum obtained in the earliest stages, whereas IgG3/IgG1/IgG4 was enriched in Lyme arthritis. IgG2 detection was unremarkable across all disease stages. Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) serum was enriched in IgG3/IgG1/IgA1 but lacked IgM. The multivariable models showed better predictive accuracy than any single immunoglobulin model, with more than half of panels perfectly identified by random forest under cross validation (56%) vs a maximum of 38% for a model using IgG1 alone. The findings suggest a characteristic succession of VlsE-specific antibody switching between immunoglobulin class and IgG isotype as Lyme disease progresses from early to late stages. The data also suggest that immunoglobulin class and IgG isotyping are likely more helpful to distinguish early Lyme disease cases. Comprehensive evaluation of immunoglobulin class (M, G, A) and IgG isotypes (1/2/3/4) provides time-dependent pathogen-induced host response information to current Lyme disease antibody detection and may be useful for differentiation of disease stage.

Importance: The order of switching between the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Fc) is time dependent, progressing from IgM/D to IgG3/IgG1/IgA1/IgG2/IgG4 and later to IgE/IgA2. In this study, we show that B. burgdorferi-VlsE-specific antibody switching proceeds in a predictable sequence between class (Ig M/G/A) and IgG isotype (IgG 1/2/3/4) as Lyme disease progresses from early to late stage and that antibody class and isotype may be more helpful to distinguish the early stages of Lyme disease. This study advances our understanding of the tempo and structure of the humoral immune response to B. burgdorferi and is applicable to the development of new diagnostic assays for Lyme disease.

vlse特异性抗体的类别和同型可区分莱姆病的分期。
免疫球蛋白多样性的建立取决于免疫球蛋白Fab区和Fc区发生的重组,这一过程与时间有关。基于这一原则,我们质疑莱姆病的分期是否可以通过量化临床特征患者血清中VlsE特异性的免疫球蛋白类别和IgG同型来区分。我们使用酶免疫分析法对VlsE抗原的血清学抗体进行分类,并使用机器学习技术来训练和整合多个预测因子,以确定可能的疾病阶段。我们发现IgM/IgG3/IgG1/IgA1在早期获得的血清中富集,而IgG3/IgG1/IgG4在莱姆关节炎中富集。IgG2检测在所有疾病阶段均无显著差异。治疗后的莱姆病综合征(PTLDS)血清中IgG3/IgG1/IgA1富集,而IgM缺乏。多变量模型显示出比任何单一免疫球蛋白模型更好的预测准确性,超过一半的面板在交叉验证下被随机森林完全识别(56%),而单独使用IgG1的模型最多为38%。研究结果表明,随着莱姆病从早期到晚期的进展,vlse特异性抗体在免疫球蛋白类和IgG同型之间切换的特征性序列。这些数据还表明,免疫球蛋白类别和IgG同型可能更有助于区分早期莱姆病病例。综合评价免疫球蛋白类(M、G、A)和IgG同型(1/2/3/4)为当前莱姆病抗体检测提供了病原诱导宿主反应的时变信息,可能有助于疾病分期的区分。重要性:免疫球蛋白重链(Fc)之间的转换顺序是时间依赖性的,从IgM/D到IgG3/IgG1/IgA1/IgG2/IgG4,再到IgE/IgA2。在本研究中,我们发现随着莱姆病从早期到晚期的进展,B. burgdorferi- vlse特异性抗体在类别(Ig M/G/ a)和IgG同型(IgG 1/2/3/4)之间以可预测的顺序进行切换,抗体类别和同型可能更有助于区分莱姆病的早期阶段。本研究促进了我们对伯氏疏螺旋体体液免疫反应的节奏和结构的理解,并适用于开发新的莱姆病诊断方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 医学-微生物学
CiteScore
17.10
自引率
4.30%
发文量
347
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Clinical Microbiology® disseminates the latest research concerning the laboratory diagnosis of human and animal infections, along with the laboratory's role in epidemiology and the management of infectious diseases.
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