Upconversion fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for highly sensitive and rapid detection of ovarian function indicators: follicle-stimulating hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone†

Abstract

The assessment of ovarian function is crucial for female reproductive health, assisted reproduction, and the early detection of gynecological diseases. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), two key markers of ovarian function, are essential for accurate evaluations that guide clinical decision-making. However, conventional detection techniques, such as ELISA, face limitations including low sensitivity, poor specificity, and prolonged detection times. To overcome these challenges, we developed an upconversion fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for highly sensitive and rapid detection of FSH and AMH. This method harnesses the unique properties of upconversion luminescence to minimize interference from background fluorescence, enabling swift and precise detection. The assay achieves detection within 15 min, with established limits of 0.097 ng mL⁻¹ for FSH and 0.018 ng mL⁻¹ for AMH. Moreover, it demonstrated remarkable performance in serum sample testing, yielding a recovery range of 92.56–97.80%, with coefficients of variation below 10%. Additionally, the assay offers qualitative visual analysis using upconversion green fluorescence, meeting the needs of both clinicians and home-based patient assessments. In summary, the method we developed provides robust technical support for clinical ovarian function assessments.