Source apportionment of primary and secondary fine particulate matter in Eskisehir/Türkiye using conventional and dispersion-normalized positive matrix factorization

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Pollution Research Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI:10.1016/j.apr.2025.102653

Akif Ari , Pelin Ertürk Ari , Eftade O. Gaga

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Abstract

In this study, the organic and inorganic components of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) were monitored daily in Eskisehir City/Türkiye, for one year, and the contributions of primary and secondary sources to the PM mass were investigated. A total of 94 components were characterized in PM_2.5 samples, including 5 anions, 46 trace elements, Organic and Elemental Carbon (OC & EC), 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), 26 n-alkanes, levoglucosan, and 8 carboxylic acids to obtain a more holistic mass closure. In addition, the principal sources of PM_2.5 were apportioned by the Conventional and Dispersion-Normalized Positive Matrix Factorization (C-PMF and DN-PMF) to assess dispersion/dilution characteristics of local meteorological conditions on source contributions of PM. The main sources of PM were classified into 8 factors. A significant seasonal variation was observed in combustion-related PM_2.5 constituents, which increased in the winter, while the contribution of Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) enhanced during the summer period. In addition, a visual effect of seasonal atmospheric dilution/dispersion conditions on measured pollutant levels was observed as a function of Ventilation Coefficients (VC). The mass percent of SOC in PM_2.5 varied between 2.3 % and 13.0 %, and the annual mean contribution was over 7.5 %.

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Eskisehir/ t rkiye中初级和次级细颗粒物的源解析使用常规和分散归一化的正矩阵分解

本研究对Eskisehir市/ t基耶市大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）的有机和无机组分进行了1年的逐日监测，探讨了一次源和二次源对PM质量的贡献。PM2.5样品共鉴定出94种成分，其中阴离子5种，微量元素46种，有机碳和单质碳(OC &；EC)， 16种多环芳烃（PAHs）， 26种正构烷烃，左旋葡聚糖和8种羧酸，以获得更全面的质量封闭。此外，通过常规和弥散归一化正矩阵分解（C-PMF和DN-PMF）对PM2.5的主要来源进行了分配，以评估当地气象条件对PM源贡献的弥散/稀释特征。将PM的主要来源分为8个因素。燃烧相关的PM2.5组分呈显著的季节变化，冬季增加，夏季二次有机碳（SOC）的贡献增加。此外，观察到季节性大气稀释/扩散条件对测量污染物水平的视觉影响是通风系数（VC）的函数。PM2.5中有机碳的质量百分比在2.3% ~ 13.0%之间，年平均贡献率在7.5%以上。

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来源期刊

Atmospheric Pollution Research ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

6.70%

发文量

256

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Atmospheric Pollution Research (APR) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution. Papers should present novel experimental results, theory and modeling of air pollution on local, regional, or global scales. Areas covered are research on inorganic, organic, and persistent organic air pollutants, air quality monitoring, air quality management, atmospheric dispersion and transport, air-surface (soil, water, and vegetation) exchange of pollutants, dry and wet deposition, indoor air quality, exposure assessment, health effects, satellite measurements, natural emissions, atmospheric chemistry, greenhouse gases, and effects on climate change.