Integrating hydrogeochemical characterization and multivariate statistics for the source identification and health risk assessment of groundwater pollution in the Ze Zhou Basin, Northern China

IF 7.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126833

Jiamei Fu , Jiawei Chen , Fei Liu , Xiaoyan Zheng , Chenhui Guo , Yunrong Dai

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Abstract

The quality of groundwater is critically important. Identification and control of groundwater pollution sources is of great significance for the protection of regional groundwater. However, the interactions between human activities and the natural environment complicate the identification of pollution sources. The detection of pollution anomalies can effectively enhance the accuracy of pollution source identification. In the present study, the combined method of hydrogeochemical characteristics and mathematical statistics analysis was employed to detect the pollution anomalies of groundwater in the Ze Zhou basin. This approach establishes connections among various indicators and applies mathematical concepts of dimensionality reduction, coupling and verification for statistical analysis, which could accurately detect pollution anomalies. On this basis, pollution sources were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis further, with the accuracy rate of pollution sources identification >90 %, which was verified by the combined analysis of field investigation experiment and land use type data. Moreover, an improved PCA and rank sum ratio (PCA-RSR) model was employed to evaluate the regional groundwater quality. The results indicated that more than 66 % of samples in the study area met quality standards, but there are also some localized pollution sites. Finally, the health risks caused by exposure to groundwater contaminants were assessed. Some heavy metals, including As, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cr and petroleum pollutants were identified as posing a high risk, and exceeded the safety threshold. Heavy metal As posed significant risks, with 7.248 (children) and 3.653 (adults) non-carcinogenic hazard indices, and 0.006 (children) and 0.156 (adults) carcinogenic risks. Petroleum pollutants exhibited elevated 0.00104 (adults) carcinogenic risk. This study presents a novel coupling method for identifying the pollution sources of regional groundwater, and the findings of this study are pivotal for the targeted control and mitigation of regional groundwater pollution.

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基于水文地球化学特征和多元统计的泽州盆地地下水污染源识别与健康风险评价

地下水的质量至关重要。识别和控制地下水污染源对区域地下水的保护具有重要意义。然而，人类活动与自然环境之间的相互作用使污染源的识别复杂化。污染异常的检测可以有效地提高污染源识别的准确性。本文采用水文地球化学特征与数理统计分析相结合的方法，对泽州盆地地下水污染异常进行了检测。该方法建立各指标之间的联系，运用降维、耦合和验证的数学概念进行统计分析，能够准确地检测出污染异常。在此基础上，进一步采用主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析对污染源进行识别，通过实地调查实验和土地利用类型数据的结合分析，对污染源识别的准确率达到90%。采用改进的PCA- rank sum ratio （PCA- rsr）模型对区域地下水水质进行评价。结果表明，研究区水质合格率达66%以上，但也存在局部污染点。最后，对接触地下水污染物造成的健康风险进行了评估。砷、汞、镍、铅、铜、铬和石油污染物等重金属被确定为高风险，并超过安全阈值。重金属具有显著风险，其非致癌风险指数分别为7.248（儿童）和3.653（成人），致癌风险指数分别为0.006（儿童）和0.156（成人）。石油污染物致癌风险增加0.00104（成人）。本研究提出了一种新的区域地下水污染源耦合识别方法，研究结果对区域地下水污染的针对性控制和缓解具有重要意义。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.