Gurtej Singh, Shiffoni Sukhlal, Isha Joshi, Shang Lee, Nicholas Sikalas, Jose A Diaz, Nicos Labropoulos
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Despite being the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, very little is known about the similarities and differences between venous and arterial thrombi. This review is focused on comparing their structural, molecular, and temporal characteristics.
Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and focusing on arterial and venous thrombi was conducted. Only studies having histological images in vivo from animal studies and humans were included. Data on structural components and temporal changes of thrombi were collected and analyzed.
Results: There were 76 articles found eligible from the full-text review. Only two studies had simultaneous temporal and spatial comparisons and did not attempt to compare the two types of thrombi: arterial and venous. Therefore, comparative insights were additionally drawn from studies analyzing one thrombus type in isolation. Comparisons were made for components commonly studied in both types of thrombi. Four common factors were identified: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and fibrin. Platelet concentration was higher in arterial thrombi, while more red blood cells (RBCs) were found in the venous thrombi. The number of WBCs and fibrin concentration varied over time on either type of thrombi. Neovascularization and lysis were identified in both types of thrombi, with the latter being more common in venous thrombosis. Several factors, such as blood flow velocity, cryptogenic thrombi, and coexistence of red and white thrombi, complicated this delineation. Precise molecular and cellular quantification and a more detailed analysis of both arterial and venous thrombi temporal and spatial profiles, along with a standardized methodology, were not reported.
Conclusions: There is a clear lack of direct comparison between arterial and venous thrombi, with limited information on their evaluations. Most available findings are derived from independently conducted analyses. Further work is needed to define these thrombi better and enhance our understanding of their short- and long-term remodeling to improve outcomes.
Registration: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD420251003712).
期刊介绍：
Advanced molecular research techniques have transformed hematology in recent years. With improved understanding of hematologic diseases, we now have the opportunity to research and evaluate new biological therapies, new drugs and drug combinations, new treatment schedules and novel approaches including stem cell transplantation. We can also expect proteomics, molecular genetics and biomarker research to facilitate new diagnostic approaches and the identification of appropriate therapies. Further advances in our knowledge regarding the formation and function of blood cells and blood-forming tissues should ensue, and it will be a major challenge for hematologists to adopt these new paradigms and develop integrated strategies to define the best possible patient care. Expert Review of Hematology (1747-4086) puts these advances in context and explores how they will translate directly into clinical practice.
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