Differential lipid metabolism in beef cattle: A comparative study of high and low residual feed intake bulls

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI:10.1016/j.aninu.2025.03.019

Xin Yi, Simeng Yi, Jinze Wang, Boping Ye, Xiaowen Zhu, Qingxiang Meng, Hao Wu, Zhenming Zhou

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigated lipid metabolism differences between low and high residual feed intake (LRFI and HRFI) bulls. Fifty-five Simmental bulls (449.84 ± 8.49 kg) were fed the same diet for 161 d to determine RFI values. At the end of experiment, back fat thickness (BFT) and rib eye area (REA) were measured via ultrasound, and serum samples were collected for lipid metabolism indicators. Post-slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue was analyzed for lipid metabolism indicators, histology, transcriptomics, and lipid metabolomics. Results: 1) Ultrasound showed LRFI bulls had lower BFT (P = 0.031) but higher REA (P = 0.021). 2) Serum total cholesterol (P = 0.028) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.015) were lower in LRFI bulls. Leptin levels were lower in both serum (P = 0.007) and adipose tissue (P = 0.001) in LRFI bulls, as were acetyl-CoA carboxylase levels in serum (P = 0.032) and adipose tissue (P = 0.043). Conversely, adipose triglyceride lipase levels were higher in both serum (P = 0.045) and adipose tissue (P = 0.043), while adipose tissue fatty acid synthase levels were lower (P = 0.035) in LRFI bulls. 3) Transcriptomics identified two pathways, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), involving five lipid metabolism-related genes. Among these, adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor type 1 (ADCYAP1R1), adenylate cyclase 10 (ADCY10), and adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (ADCYAP1) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while leptin receptor (LEPR) was downregulated (P = 0.047) in LRFI bulls. Additionally, leptin (LEP) showed a downward trend (P = 0.098) in LRFI bulls. 4) Lipid metabolomics revealed that the LRFI group had significantly higher levels of wax ester (WE) (P = 0.040) and significantly lower levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) (P = 0.040) compared to the HRFI group. Additionally, sphingomyelin (SPH) showed a trend towards lower abundance (P = 0.054), and C12:0 levels tended to be higher (P = 0.089) in the LRFI group. In conclusion, differences in the AMPK and cAMP signaling in adipose tissue are associated with reduced lipid synthesis and enhanced lipid degradation in LRFI bulls, which may contribute to reduced lipid deposition.

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肉牛脂质代谢差异：高、低残余采食量公牛的比较研究

本研究探讨了低残采食量和高残采食量公牛的脂质代谢差异。选取55头西门塔尔公牛（449.84±8.49 kg）饲喂相同饲粮161 d，测定RFI值。实验结束时，超声测量大鼠背部脂肪厚度（BFT）和肋眼面积（REA），并采集血清脂质代谢指标。屠宰后，对皮下脂肪组织进行脂质代谢指标、组织学、转录组学和脂质代谢组学分析。结果：1)超声显示LRFI公牛BFT较低（P = 0.031）， REA较高（P = 0.021）。2) LRFI公牛血清总胆固醇（P = 0.028）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（P = 0.015）较低。LRFI公牛血清（P = 0.007）和脂肪组织（P = 0.001）的瘦素水平较低，血清（P = 0.032）和脂肪组织（P = 0.043）的乙酰辅酶a羧化酶水平较低。相反，LRFI公牛血清中脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶水平（P = 0.045）和脂肪组织中脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶水平（P = 0.043）较高，而脂肪组织中脂肪酸合酶水平较低（P = 0.035）。3)转录组学鉴定了腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）和环腺苷单磷酸（cAMP）两条通路，涉及5个脂质代谢相关基因。其中，腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽1受体1型（ADCYAP1R1）、腺苷酸环化酶10 （ADCY10）和腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽1 （ADCYAP1）显著上调(P <；LRFI公牛瘦素受体（LEPR）下调（P = 0.047）。此外，LRFI公牛瘦素（LEP）呈下降趋势（P = 0.098）。4)脂质代谢组学结果显示，与HRFI组相比，LRFI组蜡酯（WE）水平显著升高（P = 0.040），单半乳糖二酰基甘油（MGDG）水平显著降低（P = 0.040）。LRFI组sphingomyelin （SPH）呈低丰度趋势（P = 0.054）， C12:0呈高丰度趋势（P = 0.089）。综上所述，脂肪组织中AMPK和cAMP信号的差异与LRFI公牛脂肪合成减少和脂质降解增强有关，这可能有助于减少脂质沉积。

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来源期刊

Animal Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

3.20%

发文量

172

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Animal Nutrition encompasses the full gamut of animal nutritional sciences and reviews including, but not limited to, fundamental aspects of animal nutrition such as nutritional requirements, metabolic studies, body composition, energetics, immunology, neuroscience, microbiology, genetics and molecular and cell biology related to nutrition, and more applied aspects of animal nutrition, such as raw material evaluation, feed additives, nutritive value of novel ingredients and feed safety.