Responses of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to protein bait: Effects of tree canopy, species, physiological state and weather

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107331

Msizi Ramaoka, Aruna Manrakhan, Christopher W. Weldon

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The application of protein baits forms the core of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) control measures in many orchard environments. Protein baits target adult fruit flies, which need protein for reproductive maturation. A proper understanding of the factors influencing fruit fly responses to protein is required to optimise control outcomes. In this study, responses to protein bait by three fruit fly species, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), C. cosyra (Walker), and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were investigated. This was done in two field cages erected over lemon trees within an orchard. The response of each species to protein bait presented as a station and positioned at different heights within the tree canopy was evaluated. For each species, effects of fly age, sex, and nutritional status were evaluated under conditions of varying temperature and relative humidity. The highest response occurred when protein baits were placed in the middle to upper tree canopy. Species, nutritional status, sex and age also affected protein foraging. Ceratitis capitata responded more to bait compared to B. dorsalis and C. cosyra. The lowest response to protein bait was by one-day-old protein fed flies, while 10-day-old protein-deprived flies were most responsive. Protein deprived females were more attracted to protein than males fed the same diet. Flies responded to bait when temperatures were between 20 and 30°C. Based on the results, the success of protein baits in controlling fruit flies in a tree canopy is height dependent and can be lower in areas with alternative protein sources.

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果蝇（双翅目：蝗科）对蛋白饵料的反应：树冠、种类、生理状态和天气的影响

在许多果园环境中，蛋白饵的应用是防治果蝇（双翅目：蝗科）的核心措施。蛋白质诱饵的目标是成年果蝇，它们需要蛋白质来实现生殖成熟。为了优化控制结果，需要正确了解影响果蝇对蛋白质反应的因素。本研究研究了三种果蝇（Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann）、cosyra， C. cosyra，和Bactrocera dorsalis， Hendel)对蛋白诱饵的反应。这是在一个果园里的柠檬树上竖起的两个田间笼子里完成的。研究了蛋白质饵料在树冠内不同高度以一个站点的形式呈现时的反应。在不同的温度和相对湿度条件下，评估了蝇龄、性别和营养状况对每个物种的影响。蛋白质饵料放置在树冠中上层时，反应最高。物种、营养状况、性别和年龄也影响蛋白质觅食。头角绦虫对饵料的反应强于背蝇和尾蝇。饲喂蛋白质饵料1日龄的果蝇对蛋白质饵料的反应最低，而饲喂蛋白质饵料10日龄的果蝇对蛋白质饵料的反应最高。缺乏蛋白质的雌性比喂食同样食物的雄性更容易被蛋白质吸引。当温度在20到30摄氏度之间时，苍蝇对诱饵有反应。结果表明，蛋白质饵料在树冠层控制果蝇的成功率与高度有关，在有其他蛋白质来源的地区成功率较低。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Crop Protection 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

3.60%

发文量

200

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： The Editors of Crop Protection especially welcome papers describing an interdisciplinary approach showing how different control strategies can be integrated into practical pest management programs, covering high and low input agricultural systems worldwide. Crop Protection particularly emphasizes the practical aspects of control in the field and for protected crops, and includes work which may lead in the near future to more effective control. The journal does not duplicate the many existing excellent biological science journals, which deal mainly with the more fundamental aspects of plant pathology, applied zoology and weed science. Crop Protection covers all practical aspects of pest, disease and weed control, including the following topics: -Abiotic damage- Agronomic control methods- Assessment of pest and disease damage- Molecular methods for the detection and assessment of pests and diseases- Biological control- Biorational pesticides- Control of animal pests of world crops- Control of diseases of crop plants caused by microorganisms- Control of weeds and integrated management- Economic considerations- Effects of plant growth regulators- Environmental benefits of reduced pesticide use- Environmental effects of pesticides- Epidemiology of pests and diseases in relation to control- GM Crops, and genetic engineering applications- Importance and control of postharvest crop losses- Integrated control- Interrelationships and compatibility among different control strategies- Invasive species as they relate to implications for crop protection- Pesticide application methods- Pest management- Phytobiomes for pest and disease control- Resistance management- Sampling and monitoring schemes for diseases, nematodes, pests and weeds.