Chitosan and Cashew Nut Shell Liquid as Sustainable Additives: Enhancing Starch Digestibility and Reducing Methane Emissions in High-Grain Diets for Feedlot Cattle.

IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE
Polymers Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI:10.3390/polym17131860
Raquel Tenório de Oliveira, Rafael Henrique de Tonissi E Buschinelli de Goes, Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra, Fernanda Naiara Fogaça da Cruz, Nayara Gonçalves da Silva, Lara de Souza Oliveira, Jaqueline Luiza Royer, Lucas Gabriel Batista Domiciano, Tainá Lorraine Pereira Azevedo, Carolina Marques Costa Araújo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Chitosan and technical cashew nutshell liquid (CNSLt) have emerged as promising natural compounds due to their antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and fermentation-modulating properties. This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of chitosan and CNSLt as potential substitutes for the ionophore monensin on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and microbial protein synthesis in steers. Five crossbred steers (Bos taurus), 18 months old with an average body weight of approximately 350 kg and fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas, were assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The experimental diets consisted of: (1) control (CON), (2) monensin (MON; 25 mg/kg of dry matter [DM]), (3) chitosan (CHI; ≥850 g/kg deacetylation degree, 375 mg/kg DM), (4) CNSLt (500 mg/kg DM), and (5) CNSLt + CHI (500 + 375 mg/kg DM). Supplementation with CHI or CNSLt + CHI reduced the intake of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. Additionally, fecal excretion of whole corn kernels increased in these treatments. Ruminal fermentation parameters were affected, with the CNSLt + CHI treatment promoting higher molar proportions of propionate and acetate, along with reduced estimated methane emissions. However, purine derivatives, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance were not significantly affected by any of the treatments. These results suggest that CNSLt and CHI, particularly when combined, may serve as effective natural alternatives to monensin in high-grain diets for ruminants.

壳聚糖和腰果壳液作为可持续添加剂:提高饲料牛高粒饲粮淀粉消化率和减少甲烷排放
壳聚糖和技术腰果果液体(CNSLt)因其抗菌、免疫调节和发酵调节的特性而成为有前途的天然化合物。本研究旨在评价壳聚糖和CNSLt作为离子载体莫能菌素的潜在替代品对肉牛采食量、瘤胃发酵、氮平衡和微生物蛋白合成的影响。选用5头18月龄、平均体重约350 kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂交阉牛(Bos taurus),采用5 × 5拉丁方试验设计。试验饲粮包括:(1)对照(CON),(2)莫能菌素(MON);25 mg/kg干物质(DM),(3)壳聚糖(CHI;≥850 g/kg脱乙酰度,375 mg/kg DM), (4) CNSLt (500 mg/kg DM), (5) CNSLt + CHI (500 + 375 mg/kg DM)。添加CHI或CNSLt + CHI降低了干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的摄入量。此外,在这些处理中,全玉米粒的粪便排泄量增加。瘤胃发酵参数受到影响,CNSLt + CHI处理提高了丙酸和乙酸的摩尔比例,同时减少了估计的甲烷排放量。然而,嘌呤衍生物、微生物蛋白合成和氮平衡没有受到任何处理的显著影响。这些结果表明,CNSLt和CHI,特别是当它们联合使用时,可能作为反刍动物高谷物日粮中莫能菌素的有效天然替代品。
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来源期刊
Polymers
Polymers POLYMER SCIENCE-
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
16.00%
发文量
4697
审稿时长
1.3 months
期刊介绍: Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360) is an international, open access journal of polymer science. It publishes research papers, short communications and review papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Polymers provides an interdisciplinary forum for publishing papers which advance the fields of (i) polymerization methods, (ii) theory, simulation, and modeling, (iii) understanding of new physical phenomena, (iv) advances in characterization techniques, and (v) harnessing of self-assembly and biological strategies for producing complex multifunctional structures.
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