Impact of vitamin D supplementation on disease activity and pain management in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized double-blinded controlled study.

IF 2.1 Q3 RHEUMATOLOGY

BMC Rheumatology Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI:10.1186/s41927-025-00543-6

Mjellma Rexhepi, Blana Krasniqi, Kreshnik Hoti, Armond Daci, Blerta Rexhepi-Kelmendi, Shaip Krasniqi

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Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease. During complex therapy, vitamin D supplementation could have an immunomodulatory effect and improve disease activity.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on laboratory parameters and the disease course among patients with RA.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind study with a follow-up period of 6 months aimed to investigate the effects of 4000 IU/day vitamin D on visual analogue scale (VAS) and disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) scores among RA patients treated at the Rheumatology Clinic of the University Clinical Centre of Kosova. The study included 100 RA patients (82 women and 18 men) who were divided into two groups: patients with vitamin D supplementation and patients without vitamin D supplementation.

Results: Our results revealed no significant differences in baseline clinical or laboratory parameters between the study groups. At the beginning of the study, to ensure homogeneity between the study groups, we compared inflammatory mediators between groups. We found no significant differences in the IL6 (H statistic of 1.79 for p.180), IL17 (H statistic of 0.015 for p.902), TNF (H statistic of 1.15 for p.284), ESR (H statistic of 0.085 for p.771) or CRP (H statistic of 1.45 for p.229) levels between the two groups. After six months of supplementation therapy, the vitamin D group showed significant differences in pain reduction (VAS score, U'=2245.5; P < 0.0001) and disease activity (DAS28 score, U'=2285.5; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Supplementation with 4000 IU/day of vitamin D can potentially improve disease activity and pain management among RA patients after six months. However, further research is needed with a focus on longer patient follow-up periods to determine the long-term benefits of vitamin D in RA patients.

Trial registration: ID NCT06716476, Date of Registration 04.12.2024.

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维生素D补充对类风湿关节炎疾病活动性和疼痛管理的影响：一项随机双盲对照研究

背景：类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种进行性自身免疫性疾病。在复合治疗中，补充维生素D可能具有免疫调节作用并改善疾病活动性。目的：本研究的目的是探讨维生素D补充对RA患者实验室参数和病程的影响。方法：这项前瞻性、随机、平行组、双盲研究的随访期为6个月，旨在研究4000 IU/ D对科索沃大学临床中心风湿病诊所治疗的RA患者视觉模拟量表（VAS）和疾病活动评分-28 （DAS-28）评分的影响。该研究包括100名RA患者（82名女性和18名男性），他们被分为两组：补充维生素D的患者和不补充维生素D的患者。结果：我们的研究结果显示，实验组之间的基线临床或实验室参数没有显著差异。在研究开始时，为了确保研究组之间的同质性，我们比较了各组间的炎症介质。我们发现两组之间il - 6 （H值为1.79,p.180）、il - 17 （H值为0.015,p.902）、TNF （H值为1.15,p.284）、ESR （H值为0.085,p.771）和CRP （H值为1.45,p.229）水平无显著差异。补充治疗6个月后，维生素D组在疼痛减轻方面有显著差异(VAS评分，U'=2245.5；结论：补充4000 IU/天的维生素D可能在6个月后改善RA患者的疾病活动性和疼痛管理。然而，需要进一步的研究，重点是更长的患者随访期，以确定维生素D对RA患者的长期益处。试验注册号：NCT06716476，注册日期：2024年12月4日。

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