{"title":"Apoptotic extracellular vesicles derived from human dental pulp stem cells facilitate periodontal tissue regeneration.","authors":"Junyi Xia, Zeyu Zhang, Jinlong Weng, Guanxiong Zhu, Zidan Xu, Liting Zeng, Janak Lal Pathak, Lina Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06531-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are subcellular structures released during programmed cell death. These vesicles carry rich biological information and regulatory potential, and have demonstrated significance in regulating cell behavior and tissue repair. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are key to regenerating periodontal tissue, and their osteogenic differentiation ability directly influences the repair and reconstruction of periodontal bone tissue. However, the potential of ApoEVs derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs-ApoEVs) to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of hDPSCs-ApoEVs on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, offering new insights and methods for treating periodontal bone tissue injuries, with important scientific and clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>hDPSCs-ApoEVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot. In vitro, hPDLSCs were treated with hDPSCs-ApoEVs to determine whether the vesicles could enter hPDLSCs and to assess the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. In vivo, a rat periodontal bone defect model was established, with local injections of hDPSCs-ApoEVs or PBS administered every other day. After 6 weeks, the maxillae were collected and analyzed using micro-CT and histological staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro, hDPSCs-ApoEVs promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. In vivo, treatment with hDPSCs-ApoEVs can enhance the recovery of periodontal bone defects in rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hDPSCs-ApoEVs play a significant role in promoting bone regeneration, suggesting their potential as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for periodontal bone tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255120/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Oral Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06531-z","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: Apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are subcellular structures released during programmed cell death. These vesicles carry rich biological information and regulatory potential, and have demonstrated significance in regulating cell behavior and tissue repair. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are key to regenerating periodontal tissue, and their osteogenic differentiation ability directly influences the repair and reconstruction of periodontal bone tissue. However, the potential of ApoEVs derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs-ApoEVs) to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of hDPSCs-ApoEVs on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, offering new insights and methods for treating periodontal bone tissue injuries, with important scientific and clinical implications.
Methods: hDPSCs-ApoEVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot. In vitro, hPDLSCs were treated with hDPSCs-ApoEVs to determine whether the vesicles could enter hPDLSCs and to assess the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. In vivo, a rat periodontal bone defect model was established, with local injections of hDPSCs-ApoEVs or PBS administered every other day. After 6 weeks, the maxillae were collected and analyzed using micro-CT and histological staining.
Results: In vitro, hDPSCs-ApoEVs promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. In vivo, treatment with hDPSCs-ApoEVs can enhance the recovery of periodontal bone defects in rats.
Conclusion: hDPSCs-ApoEVs play a significant role in promoting bone regeneration, suggesting their potential as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for periodontal bone tissue regeneration.
期刊介绍：
BMC Oral Health is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of disorders of the mouth, teeth and gums, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.
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