Wastewater Treatment for Energy Conservation and Zero Carbon Footprint: A Review

Abstract

This article explores innovative wastewater treatment (WWT) methods that promote energy conservation and a zero-carbon footprint. It emphasizes the transition to sustainable WWT practices by focusing on resource recovery, energy efficiency, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The study employs a comprehensive literature review to assess various technologies based on their effectiveness in pollutant removal while conserving energy. It includes only methods that have been successfully implemented or show strong potential for practical use. The research integrates industry reports, case studies, and peer-reviewed articles to evaluate accessible technologies and policy frameworks supporting sustainable WWT adoption. Innovative solutions are identified to address the challenges of traditional methods, such as high energy consumption and inadequate pollutant removal. The study also highlights the importance of nutrient removal to prevent eutrophication. In conclusion, the article advocates adopting cutting-edge WWT technologies that enhance energy efficiency and contribute to carbon neutrality. It underscores the necessity of ongoing innovation in wastewater management to address environmental challenges. By transforming WWT into a more sustainable and efficient process, these advancements benefit both the environment and public health, reinforcing the importance of integrating advanced technologies and supportive policies in achieving sustainable water treatment.