Comparative Analysis of 3D Imaging in Periodontal Disease Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

IF 2.2 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI:10.1002/cre2.70169

Ravinder S. Saini, Sunil Kumar Vaddamanu, Masroor Ahmed Kanji, Seyed Ali Mosaddad, Artak Heboyan

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Abstract

Objectives

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques in terms of accuracy and precision for periodontal disease assessment.

Material and Methods

A literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. The primary outcomes focused on comparing the accuracy and precision of 3D versus two-dimensional (2D) imaging techniques. Furthermore, it assessed their performance in determining periodontal diseases. Quality assessment was performed using the risk of bias (RoB)-2 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and ROB in nonrandomized studies-Intervention (ROBINS-I) for non-RCTs. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 with a significance level set at 0.01. While meta-regression was performed using OpenMEE.

Results

After screening, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitatively, 3D imaging, particularly cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), showed superior accuracy and precision over 2D techniques. The meta-analysis revealed significant differences in several areas: overall (p = 0.00001, Mean Difference (MD) = −0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.96 to 0.24, I² = 93%), horizontal measurements (p = 0.00001, MD = −0.75, 95% CI: −2 to −0.49, I² = 92%), and vertical measurements (p = 0.00001, MD = −0.59, 95% CI: −2.40 to 1.23, I² = 92%). Nonsignificant differences were found for furcation height, width, and depth. Most studies showed good quality with a low risk of bias. Age of the participants and study quality were found to be the sources of heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Consistent trends highlight the advantages of 3D imaging in assessing both periodontal and nonperiodontal diseases. However, given the nonsignificant differences in furcation height, width, and depth, the recommended approach is to combine CBCT with digital intraoral radiography for more comprehensive periodontal bone assessment.

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三维成像在牙周病评估中的比较分析：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

目的本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在比较三维成像技术在牙周病评估的准确性和精密度方面的有效性。材料和方法根据系统评价和meta分析（PRISMA）协议的首选报告项目，在多个数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、b谷歌Scholar和ScienceDirect）中进行文献检索。主要结果集中在比较3D和2D成像技术的准确性和精密度。此外，它还评估了他们在确定牙周病方面的表现。采用随机对照试验（rct）的偏倚风险(RoB)-2和非随机对照试验（ROBINS-I）的非随机对照研究（ROBINS-I）进行质量评估。采用RevMan 5.4进行meta分析，显著性水平为0.01。采用OpenMEE进行meta回归。结果经筛选，22项研究符合定性和定量分析的合格标准。在定性方面，3D成像，特别是锥束计算机断层扫描（CBCT），比2D技术显示出更高的准确性和精密度。meta分析显示了几个方面的显著差异：总体（p = 0.00001, Mean Difference (MD) = - 0.36, 95%可信区间[CI]: - 0.96至0.24,I²= 93%）、水平测量（p = 0.00001, MD = - 0.75, 95% CI: - 2至- 0.49,I²= 92%）和垂直测量（p = 0.00001, MD = - 0.59, 95% CI: - 2.40至1.23,I²= 92%）。分叉高度、宽度和深度差异不显著。大多数研究显示质量好，偏倚风险低。发现参与者的年龄和研究质量是异质性的来源。结论：三维成像在牙周病和非牙周病诊断中的优势与趋势一致。然而，考虑到分叉高度、宽度和深度的差异不显著，推荐的方法是结合CBCT和数字口内x线摄影进行更全面的牙周骨评估。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

165

审稿时长

26 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.