[Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) during the treatment of cancer patients].

Abstract

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic/immunomodulatory therapies, is a severe condition affecting the jawbones. It most commonly occurs as a side effect of treatments for malignant tumors, osteological, and rheumatological diseases. Spontaneous healing is uncommon, and no definitive causal therapy exists. Surgical interventions, such as sequestrectomy or segmental resection, provide only temporary solutions, as the unpredictable involvement of the entire jawbone complicates the progression of the disease. The development of MRONJ is primarily linked to impaired bone remodeling, especially following trauma, such as tooth extractions. Patients over 65 years of age, those with weakened conditions, diabetes, ongoing steroid therapy, or poor oral hygiene are particularly affected, with the mandibular molar region being especially at risk. This study reviews the causative medications, risk factors, and the importance of early diagnosis and prevention. It also explores research directions aimed at achieving more effective treatments.